MARHASHI
Marhashi
(Marhasi / Barashe / Warahshe) :
This
was a very poorly attested but clearly important state or confederation
which lay immediately to the east of Elam in Iran, bordering it
closely near Anshan. Its eastern borders are unknown, and even
its exact location cannot be pinpointed specifically, although
it is recorded as having been south of Gutium, which was in the
central Zagros Mountain range. The archaeological site of Jiroft
has been put forward as the polity's capital city. Its language
was only very partially related to Elamite, but may have been
in use as far east as the modern Iranian border, just west of
Baluchistan.
During
the twenty-third century BC Marhashi (or Warahshe in earlier records)
was a major opponent of the Akkadian empire, and seemed to have
overrun Elam for a time, uniting local efforts against the Akkadians.
In fact, it may have been the incessant military campaigns of
Akkad which brought about the greater cohesion of Marhashi as
a state as local rulers joined forces in a defensive reaction.
![](Iran_Jiroft02_Konar-Sandal.jpg)
Proto-Elamite
inscriptions from the site at Jiroft have recently been found
at the Konar-Sandal subsection of the site, dating to somewhere
between 3000-2500 BC
c.2350
BC :
Lugalannemundu
of Adab extends Sumer's control to include territory from the Persian
Gulf right up to the Mediterranean, bordering the Taurus mountains
in the north, and the Zagros mountains in the east. Having subjected
the Gutians, he confronts the king of the Marhashi, and leaves an
inscription to record the event.
Migir-Enlil
: King of Warahshe.
c.2300
BC :
Marhashi
appears to become a dominant force east of Elam, but it is conquered
by Sargon the Great of Akkad. Elam seems to remain tributary to
Akkad for the subsequent century, so it seems likely that Marhashi
does too.
fl
c.2270 BC :
Sidgau
: King of Warakshe.
c.2270
BC :
Together
with Elam, Sidgau rebels against the overlordship of the Akkadian
empire. Rimush re-conquers both states. Subsequently he tears 'the
roots of Marhashi from the land of Elam'.
c.2240?
BC :
Marhashi
declares independence from Akkad along with Elam, although perhaps
not immediately as it seems they are re-conquered for a time by
Naram-Sin.
c.2210
BC :
Marhashi
overruns Elam for a time, and unites eastern efforts in fighting
against the Akkadian empire. A battle is fought near Akshak, at
the confluence of the Diyala and Tigris rivers between the two states.
One of the Marhashi ruler's daughters is married to Sharkalisharri
of Agade or his son (Dudu?), perhaps as a consequence of the battle,
and as a sign of renewed ties of peace.
fl
c.2060s BC :
Libanukshabash
: King of Marhashi.
In
his twenty-sixth year, Shulgi of Ur attempts to forge an alliance
between himself and Libanukshabash. He gives his daughter, Nialimmidashu,
in marriage to the king. However, the alliance is short-lived, as
Libanukshabash's successor causes Amar-Sin of Ur to launch a campaign
against him. This is the last mention of the state in history.
Arwilukpi
: Immediate successor to Libanukshabash?
c.2068
BC :
With
the collapse of Sumerian civilisation in c.2004, record-keeping
becomes fragmentary for a period of approximately two centuries.
Elam fills the power vacuum in the east but records from that state
are fragmentary at the best of times. By the time Mesopotamia has
restored a level of cohesiveness, Marhashi has either ceased to
exist as an entity, or is known by a different name.
Source
:
https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/
KingListsMiddEast/Eastern
Marhashi.htm