| BHAGVAT PURAN Book (Skand) - 3
Chapter 12 - Creation of Rudra, the mind-born Sons and of Manu and Satarupa
Maitreya
said :
2. The creator, at first, created the varieties of ignorance (or avidya) viz. mahamoh, moh, tamisra, andhatamisra and moh.
3. Seeing the sinful creation, Brahma did not think highly of himself. With his mind purified by meditation on the Lord, he brought forth another creation.
4. The self-born god (Brahma) then created the sages Sanak, Sanand, Sanatan and Sanatkumar who were not interested in actions (for dharma, arth or kaam) and lived in perpetual celibacy.
5. The self-born god spoke to them, “Oh sons, procreate children”. But they being absolutely devoted to Vasudev and followers of the path of liberation, were not so inclined (to create).
6. He was thus disobeyed by his sons who refused to comply with his order. He tried to control his unbearable rage aroused (due to this defiance).
7. Though he tried to control the rage by his mental power, the rage was immediately born as a son of dark-blue complexion from the middle of the brows of Brahma.
8. The illustrious god Bhav who was born before (other) gods verily cried out, “Oh creator, the father of the world, give me names and fix (some) places for me”.
9. The lotus-born god (Brahma), with a view to granting his request, spoke with sweet words, “Please do not cry, I shall give it to you.
10. Oh great god, as you cried like an excited child, people will call you by the name ‘Rudra’.
11. Your places have been already arranged by me as follows: The mind, the sense-organs, the vital breath, the Sky, the Wind, the Fire, the Water, the Earth, the Sun, the Moon and the penance.
12. (The following are your names): Manyu, Manu, Mahinas, Mahan, Shiv, Ttudhvaj, Ugraretas, Bhav, Kaal, Vamadev and Dhrtavrat.
13. Oh Rudra, you will have the following wives, namely: Dhi, Vrtti, Ushana, Uma, Niyutsarpi, Ila, Ambika, Iravati, Sudha, Diksha, Rudrani.
14. As you are a Prajapati accept these names, places along with these wives, and procreate abundant progeny.”
15. Being thus ordered by his father, Lord Nillohit (Rudra) brought forth children who were like him in prowess, form,(complexion) and nature.
16. Seeing the innumerable hordes of Rudras created by (the original) Rudra, devouring the world on all side, god Brahma got afraid.
17. (He said to Rudra): “Oh great god, enough of the creation of all such beings who with their terrible eyes are burning all the directions along with me.
18. Perform penance which is conducive to the happiness of all beings. May you be blest. It is by penance that you (lit. Your honour) will create again this universe as it was before.
19. It is only by (performance of) penance that a man can easily attain to the Lord Adhokshaj, the Supreme light, dwelling in the hearts of all beings.” Maitreya said :
20. Being thus ordered by the self-born god (Brahma), (Rudra) circumambulated from left to right the Lord of Speech (Brahma). Complying with his request, he bade goodbye to him and entered the forest for penance.
21. Then while he was musing over the problem of creation and became possessed of the power of the Lord (for creation), ten sons who became the progenitors of the population of the world, were born to him.
22. (They were): Marichi, Atri, Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu, Bhrigu, Vashishth, Daksh and the tenth (son) was Narad.
23-24. Narad was born from Brahma’s lap; Daksh from his thumb; Vashishth from his vital breath, Bhrigu from the skin and Kratu from his hand; Pulah was born from his navel, the sage Pulastya from his ears, Angiras from his mouth, Atri from his eyes, and Marichi, was created from (Brahma’s) mind.
25. Dharma was born from his right breast wherein abides Narayan himself. From his back (was born) Adharma which begets the Death, a terror to the world.
26. Desire (Kama) was born in his heart; Anger (krodh) from his brow; Avarice (Lobh) from his lower lip; Speech was born from (his) mouth; the rivers from his penis and Nirrti, the shelter of all sins, from his anus.
27. (The powerful sage) Kardama, the husband of Devahuti, was born from his shadow; this (whole) world was created from the mind and the body of the creator of the universe.
28. Oh Vidur, it is reported to us that self-born god became passionate and desired his own beautiful daughter, the goddess of Speech who, though herself above passions, captivated his mind.
29. His sons, the sages, of whom Marichi was the foremost, saw that their father had set his heart on unrighteousness. Out of familiar confidence, they pleaded with (lit. awakened) him.
30. “That you do not control your passion despite your capacity to do so, and that you are bent on approaching your daughter, has never been done by the ancestors nor will it be done by others after you in future.
31. Oh father of the world, this is not glorifying (creditable) even to the possessors of divine lustre (power). By following this (course of conduct) the people shall never attain any good.”
32. (Finding Brahma bent on the heinous act the sages prayed to God) “We bow to the glorious Lord who manifested this world that was within him. He alone is capable of protecting righteousness.”
33. Then the father of the Prajapatis, seeing his sons, the Prajapatis speaking this in his presence, became ashamed and gave up his body.
34. The cardinal points accepted that terrible body. The wise people know it as mist or darkness. While he was meditating how he should create the well-planned worlds as before, the Veds came out from the four mouths of the creator.
35. The duties of the four sacrificial priests (hota, adhvaryu, udgata, brahma) along with the upveds and the disciplines of Logic etc., the extensive course of sacrificial sessions, the four legs of Dharma and the duties of the four Ashrams were also produced thence.”
Vidur
said :
Maitreya
said :
38. Again through the same faces, and in the same serial order, he produced Ayurved (the science of medicine), Dhanurved (science of Warfare), Gandharv Ved (the science of Music) and Sthapatya Ved (the science of Architecture, Sculpture etc.).
39. The Omniscient Lord produced the fifth Ved, viz. Itihas and Purans from all his mouths.
40. From his mouth facing the east (came forth the sacrificial acts viz.) Sodasi and Ukth (and serially from other mouths) Purisi and Agnistut, Aptoryama and Aiiratra, Vajpeya, along with Goshav.
41. He created the four feet of Dharma viz. Vidya (knowledge and purity), daan (donations), tapas (penance) and satya (Truth). He also produced the (lour) ashrams (stages in life) along with their types of duties.
42. (Brahmacarya ashram)—celibate stage—the 1st stage in life—is of four types viz.) Savitra (observance of celibacy and study of Savitri for three nights from the upnayan (threadbearing) ceremony), Prajapatya (observance of celibacy for one year), brahma (observance of celibacy till the completion of the study of Veds) and brhat (celibacy throughout life). (The 2nd stage in life) The grhasth ashram—the married stage—is of four kinds according to the way of maintenance of family : Vart (earning livelihood by agriculture and such other non-prohibited vocations), Sañcaya (maintenance of money earned by performing sacrifices), Shalin (to live on whatever one gets without requesting or begging), Siloñcch—(maintenance by gleaning grains, grain-gathering).
43. In (the third stage of life called) the vanprasth ashram, (there are four categories viz.) Vaikhanas (who live upon food-grains which grow naturally without agricultural efforts), Valakhilyas (who subsist on fresh food, giving away hoarded food), Audumbars (who eat fruits etc. gathered from the direction to which they happen to look at first in the morning) and Phenap (who live on fruits, leaves etc. automatically dropped from trees). In (the last stage of life) the Sanyas ashrama, (the four kinds are:) Kuticak (who chiefly abide by all the duties prescribed for the ashram), Bahvod (who perform the most essential duties of this ashram but emphasize on the path of knowledge), Hamsa (who concentrate on knowledge), Nishkriya (who have realized the Soul).
44. (So also were serially produced) the science of the knowledge of Soul and non-Soul, the three Veds, the science of agriculture and the science of politics (leading to the attainment of Moksh, dharma, kaam and arth) and also the vyahrtis (mystic words following Om or pranav) viz. bhuh, bhuvah, suvaha and bhur-bhuvah-suvah (or mahas). From his heart came forth Om.
45-46. (The Vedic metres) Usnik, Gayatri, Tristubh, Anustubh and Jagati, Parkti and Brhati were produced respectively from the hair, skin, flesh, muscles and bones, marrow and pra?a or vital airs of the all-pervading Prajapati (Brahma). His life (jiv) is said to consist of the occlusives or the consonants of five classes (e.g. velar, palatal etc.) from k to m, and his body, of vowels (a, i, u etc.).
47. The sibilants (ushma varnas like s, s, s) are called the sense organs of the Soul, i.e. Brahma, and the semi-vowels (y, r, l, v) his strength. And the gamut of music (viz. Sadja, Rsabha, Gandhar, Madhyam, Pañcama, Dhaivat and Nisad) are created out of the sport of Prajapati.
48. Brahma whose body is sabda-brahman is of both manifest (as vaikhari) and unmanifest (as Omkar) forms. As unmanifest the Supreme Spirit clearly appears to him as the highest omnipresent Brahman. As a manifest form, it appears as Indra and other forms possessing different powers.
49-52. Then assuming another (body), he set his mind on creation (of the world). Finding the limited creation (of progeny) even by sages possessing great power, he again began to ponder, Oh Kaurav (Vidur).
“Oh! It is really strange that although I am all the while engaged in creating (the world) the beings do not multiply. In this, the Fate must be obstructing.”
Thus while Brahma was doing his duties properly and thinking over the Providence, his body was split into two and it was called Kaya. And from the bifurcated forms of the body was produced a pair of a male and a female. 53. There the male part was the emperor Svayambhuv Manu and that the female part was called Satarupa and was the queen of the great person.
54. Indeed, the subjects (created beings) began to multiply in their relationship as husband and wife. He brought forth five children from Satarupa.
55. Oh Vidur, (They were) Priyavrat, Uttanapad and three daughters, Akuti, Devahuti and Prasuti.
56. He gave Akuti (in marriage) to Ruci, the middle- daughter (Devahuti) to Kardama and Prasuti to Daksh. From these the world was filled (with population).
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