| COMMON NAMES 23. Common Names :
Parushni River : Euphrates, Puranunu or Puratti.
Upper Euphrates or Omiras : The Vimur River of the Eddas
Prishni : This Prishni is evidently King Vrishni of the collateral Panch Dynasty in Maghya Land. being the clan title of Cedi or Cidi, which branched off with the third brother of King MadgaI (see col. 3 in Table. App. I). He was contemporary with Su-Dasa's father and also as now seen with Su-Dasa himself, and was therefore a "cousin" of the latter.
Vrishni : A cousin of Su-Dasa's father in the collateral dynasty of the Cedi or Cidi branch of the Panch or "Phoenicians."
Su-Dasa : Tritsus, King Tarsi of Kish or Tarsa-Dasyu
Trusus : The King's own warrior-people are called Trusus
Akkadian Pashishutu : "a class of anointing priests" in Mesopotamia
Iaut Land : The Land of the Mouth of the Iatu River or Nile, Land of Egypt
Nile : Iatur
Muru, Marutt or Amorite Land : Northern Syria
Nilu : Assyrian meaning "Flood or high-tide water'" and bani = "beget"
Upper and Lower Egypt : Lower Egypt was called Itur-meh and Upper Egypt was ltur-res
Sumerian word Baru : Priest
Dashrath and Ram :
The name of the sixth king Dash-ash-i-urash is made Dasha-ratha. meaning "The Charioteer of the Ten (horses)." which was a favourite heroic and royal Indian name. Several of the names possess the same meaning in Sumerian and Indian, again illustrating the essential identity of the two.
Thus the seventh king's after-name of Sin or "The Moon" is spelt in the Indian Chandra. an expanded dialectic fonn of Sin and also meaning "The Moon".
Moreover this king's front name of Amar is obviously the Sumerian source of his Indian name of Ram, by the transposing of letters or metathesis, which is recognized as sometimes occurring for reasons of euphony. As further confirming the identities of this dynasty with the Indian, it is significant that kings Nos. 3, 6 and 7, who are the only ones detailed in the Indian Epics, are described as incarnate gods, or having become" gods," and thus in keeping with the Isin dynastic lists and the monuments of these kings which call them "gods".
Name of founder of Isin Dynasty in Sumerian & Indian & his Title "Ashurra" :
The first king of this dynasty, bearing the name of Ishbi Ashurra or Ashira, immediately succeeded Il-Ibil-Sin in the Babylonian lists, and thus equates with the Indian-list king Vishva-Saha, who immediately succeeded King Ilivila in the Indian lists. And his personal Sumerian name I shbi substantially equates phonetically with his personal Indian name Vishva.
His title Ashurra here now appears to disclose the source of the later patron and national god-name of Ashur, adopted by the Assyrians, and which they applied to their land and nation, and used as a personal name for many of their later kings. And this particular king is given the title "god" in the Isin lists.
The god Ashur was a form of the Sun-god and was essentially a monotheistic god and he is now disclosed as identical with Asura of the Indian mythology. Asura or "The divine" was a title of the father-god Indra in Indian religion and it is admitted by Sanskritists to be the equivalent of Ahura, the title of the Sun-god in the Zoroastrianism of the Persians and Ashira is also a title of the Sun in Sanskrit, and the Sumerian word in question also reads Ashira.
Though later on, with the growth of sectarianism and rival creeds, this name came to be given the opposite meaning of "titanic demon" by the Brahmans presumably because its monotheistic ideal was repellent to them as intolerably unorthodox and pagan. This is analogous to what happened amongst the Persians who latterly stigmatized Indra as "a demon" and as one who opposed their Sun-cult.
Similarly his Indian title of Saha is significant also of his identity. This word means in Sanskrit "the mighty, over-coming victorious" and it is seen to be the equivalent of his title in the Assyrio-Babylouian Omen-texts of "a king without rivals". This Indian Saha also spelt Sahas is also important as disclosing its derivation from the Sumerian.
Aryan philologists are agreed that this Saha "victorious" word is cognate with the Gothic Sig. Sigis, Anglo-Saxon Sige and German Sieg "Victory". All these along with Saha or Sahas. are now disclosed to be derived from the Sumerian Sag, Zag or Sig "Victory" written by the Axe-sign.
His Identity with Uspia, the First Traditional King of Assyria, hitherto of Unknown Origin & Date :
His title of Ashurra or Ashura, as well as the Asbar title of his great-grandson suggests his relationship with Assyria and his personal name is now seen by the Table to identify him with the first traditional king of Assyria, Uspia, who significantly bears a Sumerian and not a Semitic name. This king Uspia has hitherto only been known as a traditional "prehistoric" Assyrian king and according to the records of the later Assyrian kings, the first king of Assyria. His origin, affinities and date have alike been unknown, though it was inferred that he could not have lived long before the rise of the First Dynasty of Babylon, which succeeded that of Isin.
Now his identity with the first king of the Isin Dynasty fixes his date and affinities. This identity is con firmed by the other stray "prehistoric" Assyrian king Ititi being disclosed by our Table as the 9th Isin king, and identical with King Atithi of the Indian lists. And the other early Assyrian Tung, the so-called "Shamshi Adad I" but whose name reads Dagshi-ash Muru, is seen by our Table to he obviously the 6th Isin king Dashashi Urash, who is called in the Isin records a Muru or Amorite.
We thus obtain for his name the following equivalent phonetic spellings in the Sumerian, Assyrian and Indian lists respectively :
Sumerian Assyrian Indian :
Ishbi (Ashurra) = Uspia (of Assyria) = Vishva (-Saha)
which thus establishes his identity.
(Dashashi Uruash or Dashrath was a Muru or Amorite making him north Aryan Sumerian of Upper Syria and the Levant. He captured Isin from 5th king of that dynasty.)
Sixth Isin King and his son as Dasharatha & Ram Chandra of the Indian Lists & the "Ramyana" Romance :
The evidence for the identity of the sixth and seventh kings of the Isin Dynasty with the famous Indo-Aryan kings Dasha-ratha and his still more famous son Ram Chandra of the celebrated Indian romance, the Ramyana, is positive and conclusive. The identity is fixed by the identity of the chronological position in both lists, lsin and Indian. as well as by the names and their relationships; and the achievements of these two kings are also of the same general kind in the Indian romance and in the Babylonian records.
King Dasharatha was a Sun-worshipper and the sixtieth descendant in the direct line from the first king of the Solar line Ikshvaku, that is Ukusi of Ukh or Akshak of the Kish Chronicle, as we have seen, and the sixth king from Ilivila. He was the paramount Aryan king at the imperial capital of his time. called in the Indian epics Ayodhya. His inveterate enemy with whom he warred was Ravan, king of Lanka.
As Dashashi Uruash, the sixth king of this Isin Dynasty, he is called a Muru or Amorite, which presumes that he was of the northern Aryan "Sumerian" stock from Upper Syria and the Levant; and he is said to have captured Isin from the fifth king of that dynasty. He had no dominion over Larsa, the city-state low down in the swampy Delta under a local king Gungunu. who also claimed the imperial title, and which was probably the enemy-state of Lanka of the Indian epics, against which Dasharatha and his son warred and against whose encroachments they defended themselves.
In his own extant inscriptions he claims to be "King of Isin. Kiengi and Uri ("Sumer and Akkad"), Lord of Erech,benefactor of Nippur (the Sun-temple city), Ur and Eridu". And he reigned for the fairly long period of 28 years.
He was succeeded by his son, Amar-Sin or "Amar of the Moon," the so-called "Bur Sin II" of Semites. He is seen to be identical with King Dasharatha's son (by his queen Kausalya) and successor Ram Chandra, or "Ram of the Moon," wherein "Ram" is obviously coined from the Sumerian Amar by the Brahmans transposing the letters of a word, i.e. by metathesis. This king, who gives himself in his inscriptions and is given in the Isin lists the prefixed title of "god," was and is significantly regarded by the Indians as a man-god, and as the incarnation of his namesake Parashu Rli.ma, the "Bur Sin I" of Semites, as we have seen; and significantly this king is similarly called by the Semites "Bur Sin II". In his inscriptions at Nippur and elsewhere he bears the same territorial titles as his father, and he states that he repaired the wall of Isin City. He reigned 21 years.
In view of his great traditional importance in India as the most popular of all the "men-gods" or incarnate gods of Indian mythology, I give here one of his own actual inscriptions as the historical king of lsin, etc. He records therein :
"The god Amar Sin, The Good Shepherd of Nippur,
Here
it is noteworthy that he bears besides the divine title also the
man-god title of "The Good Shepherd," claims to be the
husband of the Mother-goddess, and restores the famous "oracle-tree
of the well of Urd" of the Semitic Chaldean Mother-cuit, as
fully described in the Gothic Eddas. As Ram Chandra, the prince
of Ayodhya (Agudu), he is the hero of the fascinating Indian romance,
the Ramyana, or "Adventures of Ram." This relates his
heroic adventures and prodigies of valour as an invincible knight-errant
slaying dragon pests, his winning the hand of the fair princess
Sita, daughter of King Janak of Videha, in a tournament of knightly
wooers, his banishment for fourteen years by his father at the instigation
of the latter's intriguing, jealous second wife, his accompaniment
by his devoted wife Sita in his wanderings in exile; the birth of
his two sons, his refusal to return on the death of his father till
the full term of banishment is over, the capture and ravishment
of Sita by the Lanka king, her eventual recapture by Ram and killing
of that king, on the building of "Ram's Bridge" across
the straits, his reconciliation with Sita, his regaining his father's
throne and having afterwards a long and glorious reign. |