LIST
OF MARI KINGS
![](mari.jpg)
Mari,
Syria
![](Third_Mari.jpg)
The
second kingdom during the reign of Iblul-ll
The
city of Mari in modern Syria was ruled by several dynasties in the
Bronze Age. The history of the city is divided into three kingdoms.
The
first kingdom :
The Sumerian King List (SKL) records a dynasty of six kings from
Mari enjoying hegemony between the dynasty of Adab and the dynasty
of Kish. The names of the Mariote kings were damaged on the early
copies of the list, and those kings were correlated with historical
kings that belonged to the second kingdom. However, an undamaged
copy of the list that date to the old Babylonian period was discovered
in Shubat-Enlil, and the names bears no resemblance to any of the
historically attested monarchs of the second kingdom, indicating
that the compilers of the list had an older and probably a legendary
dynasty in mind, that predate the second kingdom.
Ruler |
Particulars |
Kings
from the Sumerian King List |
"Then
Adab was defeated and the kingship was taken to
Mari. |
Anbu |
Length of reign
: 30 years
Note
: This
name is also read as Ilshu.
Epithet
: --- |
Anba |
Length of reign
: 17 years
Epithet
:
His
epithet was given as "the son of Anbu" on
the list. |
Bazi |
Length of reign
: 30 years
Epithet
:
His
epithet was given as "the leatherworker"
on the list. |
Zizi |
Length of reign
: 20 years
Epithet
:
His
epithet was given as "the fuller" on the list.
|
Limer |
Length of reign
: 30 years
Epithet
: His
epithet was given as "the 'gudug' priest"
on the list. |
Sharrum-iter |
Length of reign
: 9 years
Epithet
: --- |
"Then
Mari was defeated and the kingship was taken to
Kish"
|
|
The
second kingdom :
Statue
of Iku-Shamagan, c. 2453 BC. Temple of Ninni-Zaza, Mari. National
Museum of Damascus
The chronological order of the kings from the second kingdom era
is highly uncertain; nevertheless, it is assumed that the letter
of Enna-Dagan lists them in a chronological order. Many of the kings
were attested through their own votive objects discovered in the
city, and the dates are highly speculative.
Ruler |
Particulars |
The
second kingdom |
Ikun-Shamash |
Length of reign
: ---
Notes
:
Reigned
before the reign of Ur-Nanshe of Lagash.
|
Ikun-Shamagan
|
Length of reign
: c. 2453 BC
Comments
:
His
name was inscribed on a votive statue offered by
his official "Shibum". |
Ansud
|
Length of reign
: c. 2423 - 2416 BC
Comments
:
His
name is inscribed on a jar (as Hanusum) sent to Mari by Mesannepada of Ur. The name was read by Pettinato as Anubu.
|
Sa'umu
|
Length
of reign
: c. 2416 - 2400 BC
Comments
:
He
was attested in Enna-Dagan's letter as conquering
many lands. |
Išhtup-Išar
|
Length of reign
: c. 2400 BC
Comments
:
He
was attested in Enna-Dagan's letter as conquering
Emar and other Eblaite vassals. |
Ikun-Mari
|
Length of reign
: ---
Comments
:
This
name is inscribed on a jar in Mari.
|
Iblul-Il
|
Length of reign
: c. 2380 BC
Comments
:
He
forced Ebla to pay tribute.
|
Nizi
|
Length of reign
: ---
Comments
:
His
reign lasted three years. |
Enna-Dagan
|
Length of reign
: c. 2340 BC
Comments
:
He
wrote a letter to Irkab-Damu of Ebla to assert Mari's
authority. |
Ikun-Ishar
|
Length of reign
: c. 2320 BC
Comments
:
He
is attested in the Eblaite archives.
|
Hidar
|
Length of reign
: c. 2300 BC
Comments
:
He
is attested in the archives of Ebla, which was destroyed
during his reign. |
Ishqi-Mari
|
Length of reign
: c. 2300 BC
Comments
:
His
name was previously read as Lamgi-Mari. Hypothetically
the last king before the conquests of the Akkadian
Empire.
|
|
The
third kingdom :
![](284px-Ishtup-Ilum_statue_(front,_wider).jpg)
Ishtup-Ilum,
Shakkanakku of Mari (c. 2150 BC)
![](342px-Statue_of_Puzur-Ishtar.jpg)
Puzur
Ishtar, Shakkanakku of Mari. (c. 2050 BC)
The third kingdom was ruled by two dynasties: the Shakkanakkus and
the Lim. For the Shakkanakkus, the lists are incomplete and after
Hanun-Dagan who ruled at the end of the Ur era c. 2008 BC (c. 1920
BC Short chronology), they become full of lacunae. Roughly 13 more
Shakkanakkus succeeded Hanun-Dagan but only few are known, with
the last known one reigning not too long before the reign of Yaggid-Lim
who founded the Lim dynasty in c. 1830 BC, which was interrupted
by Assyrian occupation in 1796 - 1776 BC.
Ruler |
Particulars |
The
Shakkanakkus |
Ididish |
Length of reign
: c. 2266 - 2206 BC
Notes
: --- |
Shu-Dagan |
Length of reign
: c. 2206 - 2200 BC
Notes
:
He
was the son of Ididish. |
Ishma-Dagan |
Length of reign
: c. 2199 - 2154 BC
Notes
:
He
ruled for 45 years. |
Nûr-Mêr |
Length of reign
: c. 2153 - 2148 BC
Notes
:
He
was the son of Ishme-Dagan. |
Ishtup-Ilum |
Length of reign
: c. 2147 - 2136 BC
Notes
:
He
was the brother of Nûr-Mêr, and son of Ishme-Dagan.
|
Ishgum-Addu |
Length of reign
: c. 2135 - 2127 BC
Notes
:
He
reigned for eight years. |
Apîl-kîn |
Length of reign
: c. 2126 - 2091 BC
Notes
:
He
was the son of Ishme-Dagan. Was designated with
the royal title Lugal in a votive inscription set
by his daughter. |
Iddin-El |
Length of reign
: c. 2090 - 2085 BC
Notes
:
His
name is also read as Iddi-Ilum; his name was inscribed
on his votive statue. |
Ili-Ishar |
Length of reign
: c. 2084 - 2072 BC
Notes
:
His
name is inscribed on a brick. |
Tura-Dagan |
Length of reign
: c. 2071 - 2051 BC
Notes
:
He
was the son of Apîl-kîn and the brother of Ili-Ishar.
|
Puzur-Ishtar |
Length of reign
: c. 2050 - 2025 BC
Notes
:
He
was the son of Turam-Dagan. Used the royal title.
|
Hitlal-Erra |
Length of reign
: c. 2024 - 2017 BC
Notes
:
He
was the son of Puzur-Ishtar. Used the royal title.
|
Hanun-Dagan |
Length of reign
: c. 2016 - 2008 BC
Notes
:
He
was the son of Puzur-Ishtar. Used the royal title.
|
Isi-Dagan |
Length of reign
: c. 2000 BC
Notes
:
This
name is inscribed on a seal. |
Ennin-Dagan |
Length of reign
: ---
Notes
:
He
was the son of Isi-Dagan. |
Itur-(...) |
Length of reign
: ---
Notes
:
This
name is damaged, a gap separate him from Ennin-Dagan.
|
Amer-Nunu |
Length of reign
: ---
Notes
:
This
name is inscribed on a seal. |
Tir-Dagan |
Length of reign
: ---
Notes
:
He
was the son of Itur-(...). |
Dagan-(...) |
Length of reign
: ---
Notes
:
This
name is damaged and is the last attested Shakkanakku.
|
The
Lim dynasty |
Yaggid-Lim |
Length of reign
: c. 1830 - 1820 BC
Notes
:
He
may have ruled in Suprum rather than in Mari.
|
Yahdun-Lim |
Length of reign
: c. 1820 - 1798 BC
Notes
: --- |
Sumu-Yamam |
Length of reign
: c. 1798 - 1796 BC
Notes
: --- |
Assyrian
period |
Yasmah-Adad |
Length of reign
: c. 1796 - 1776 BC
Notes
:
He
was the son of Shamshi-Adad I of Assyria.
|
Ishar-Lim |
Length of reign
: c. 1776 BC
Notes
:
He
was an Assyrian official who usurped the throne
for a few months between Yasmah-Adad's escape and
Zimri-Lim's arrival. |
Lim
restoration |
Zimri-Lim |
Length of reign
: c. 1776 - 1761 BC
Notes
: --- |
|
Source
:
https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/List_of_kings_of_Mari