SAURYA
Saurya
was a Janpad known to Panini and mentioned in Mahabharat. They gave
name to Syria.
Origin
:
• Surya was Indian Vedic god
• Surya is one of the Shiv's thousand names
Variants of name :
• Sarya - See Salpura Inscription of Maharaja
Shalinder of year 409 AD
• Sauryas
• Saureyya
• Surya / Suryas
• Sauri (daughter of Surya)
• Sauramandal (Saurashtra)
• Suryaksh
Jat clans :
• Shura
• Soharot
• Sor
• Suriya
Mention by Panini :
Surya is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi.
History
:
V. S. Agrawala writes that Patanjali makes clear makes clear the
social status of the sudras in his time. Firstly there were sudras
who were not excluded from Aryavrata but were living within its
social system. Secondly, there was another class of sudras who were
living outside Aryavrata and its society. He cites as examples (1)
Kishkindha-Gabdikam (2) Shaka-Yavanam and (3) Saurya-Krauncham.
Of these
•
Kishkindha may be identified with Pali Khukhunndo in Gorakhpur,
• Gabdika with Gaddis of Chamba, who were
deemed as living outside the limits of Aryavrat,
• Saurya with Saureyya or Soron in Etah district
and
• Krauncha with the later Krauncha-dvara
some where in Garhwal.
Pratihar kingdom in Ujjain :
Pratihara
genealogy of Kanauj branch
R.C.Majumdar writes that by far the most important settlement
in this direction was that of Avanti, or western Malwa, for the
Pratihar chiefs of this place were the founders of the great imperial
family at Kanauj. This fact, so far as I know, has not been recognised
by any historian, but it seems to me to rest on unimpeachable grounds.
I shall therefore deal with the question in some detail. Mr. K.
B. Pathak brought to light a passage in Jain Harivansh of Jinsen
which gives the precise date of its composition. The passage was
subsequently noticed by Peterson and Fleet (Ep, Ind., Vol. VI, pp,
195.6) and the following remarks of the last named scholar may be
taken to fairly represent the views of all the three regarding its
interpretation. "A passage in Jaina Harivamsa of Jinasena
tells us that the work was finished
[Page-24]
in Saka-Samvat 705 (expired), = A. D. 783-784, when there were reigning,
in various directions determined with reference to a town named
Vardhmanpur, which is to be identified with the modern Wadhwan in
the Jhalawar division of Kathiawar, in the north, Indrayudha; in
the south Srivallabh; in the east, Vatsaraj, king of Avanti (Ujjain);
and, in the west, Varah or Jayvarah, in the territory of the Sauryas".
This
seems to have been the accepted view till 1902 when Prof. D. R.
Bhandarkar gave a somewhat different interpretation of the passage.
"The second half of the stanza," said he, "beginning
with sakeshv-abda-sateshu, etc., does not appear to me to have been
properly translated. The word nrpipa in my opinion, shows that Avanti-bhubhriti
is to be connected with purvam and Vatsadiraje with aparam. The
translation would then be as follows : " in the east, the illustrious
king of Avanti; in the west king Vatsaraj (and) in the territory
of the Sauryas, the victorious and brave Varaha."
Dr.
V. A. Smith writing in 1909, accepted the interpretation of Prof.
Bhandarkar with the prefatory remark" that the translation
has been the subject of dispute." Later on Mr. R. Chanda, Mr.
R. D. Banerji and Sten Konow accepted the translation given by Prof.
Bhandarkar, which may thus be said to have held the field till now.
In my humble opinion, however, the views of Fleet and Pathak seem
to be preferable. For, in the first place, the author evidently
seeks to describe the four kings in the four directions; but according
to Prof. Bhandarkar's view, apart from grammatical difficulties,
there being no object of the verb avati, -we
[Page-25]
get a fifth province and there remains no name for the king of the
east, the only exception of the kind. Secondly, as the writer
was indicating these directions with reference to Vardhamanpur,
modern Wadhwan, in the Jhalawar division of Kathiawar, "the
west " can only refer to Saurashtra and cannot be taken to
apply to a country like Gujarat or even to any part of Rajputana
where Vatsaraj is supposed to have been ruling. According
to the interpretation of Dr. Fleet, Vatsaraj, the king of Avanti,
would be the king of the east, and king of Saurya or Sauramandal,
evidently Saurashtra, the king of the west, referred to by the author.
Jat
History :
Bhim Singh Dahiya writes that Sheoran Jats are the Shur of Indian
literature, and Shor of present day Central Asia. Mahabharat
mentions a Suryasur and obviously not for the sun (Surya) but for
the Sura people. Darad (the Darar clan people) a king of Bahlik
was born from Surya. The Shur kings came for Yudhishthir's Rajsuya
Yagya.
Hukum
Singh Panwar (Pauria) provides us Tribal and Geographical Identifications
based on India in Greece by E. Pococke, Indian Reprint, Oriental
Publishers, Delhi-6, which includes :
S.
No. |
Particulars |
80. |
Name
of tribe : Sura / Suria
From :
India
To : Syria
(Surya)
Altered
name : Surya
Country
: Syria |
81. |
Name
of tribe : Ramnath
From
: Kashmir
To :
Syria (Surya)
Altered
name : Ramoth
Country
: Syria
|
Hukum
Singh Panwar (Pauria) writes that ....Besides the Hittite, several
other Aryan tribes penetrated peacefully into Middle East countries
in Treta Yuga under the leadership of Kush, son of Ram Dashrathi,
from Purshkhand (Puruland in Sapta Sindhu) and founded various principalities
there. These are known as the Mittanis and the Hurrians. These
names are obvious variations of Sapta Sindhu names. Thus the Hittite
were the Khattis, the Kushites (Kushans), Kissites, Cassites or
(in Greek Kosseans). The Mittanis are Mithranis or Mirdhas or
Midhas. The Hurrians are Suryans or Surias or Suryas - (S often
changes into H). The Suryas were the Rajanya families of the Iksvaku
branch of the Purus. The Kassites ruled over the whole of Babylonia
up to 1180 B.C.
As
noted before, Hall, Hrozny, Gurney, Saggs & Woolley consider
these people of Indian origin. Hall asserts that they were Aryans
and their language, especially of the Mittanis was Sanskrit and
they worshipped Indian gods The Mittani kings carry such names as
Tushruth, Arthashumr, and Arthatam. Their deities are named
as Shuria (Sun), Maryatas and Simalia. Giles identifies their deities
with Indian Vedic gods Surya, Maruts and Himalaya (Syrian Simalia
= Iranian 'Zimalia = Vedic Himalaya = Queen of snow). These remarkable
similarities establish their Indian origin and confirm Hall's assertion.
A Mittani horse-trainer named Kikulli prepared in Circa 1400 B.C.
a manual on the science of horse-training in colloquial Sanskrit
for the kings of the Kheta (Khatti or Hittite) dynasty. He popularised
the Indian science in the Middle East.
In
Mahabharat :
Sauri (daughter of Surya) is mentioned in Mahabharat (I.89.42).
Surya
is mentioned in Mahabharat (I.59.26), (IX.44.4), (IX.44.28), (IX.45.44)
Adi
Parv, Mahabharat / Mahabharat Book I Chapter 89 tells History of
Puru and Pandavs (Aila dynasty). ...."Samvarana begat upon
his wife, Tapati, the daughter of Surya, a son named Kuru. This
Kuru was exceedingly virtuous, and therefore, he was installed on
the throne by his people.
Adi
Parv, Mahabharat / Mahabharat Book I Chapter 59 gives the Genealogy
of Danavs, Gandharvs, Apsaras, Yakshs, Rakshass. Danu had forty
sons out of which Surya is given in verse (I.59.26).
Shalya
Parv, Mahabharat / Book IX Chapter 44 mentions the ceremony for
investing Kartikeya with the status of generalissimo, the diverse
gods, various clans who joined it. Surya is included in verse (IX.44.4)...."The
diverse gods--Indra and Vishnu, both of great energy, and Surya
and Chandramas, and Dhat, and Vidhat, and Vayu, and Agni..."
Surya is again mentioned in verse (IX.44.28) ...Endued with great
prowess, Surya, with a gratified heart, gave unto Kartikeya two
of his followers named Subhraj and Bhaskar.
Shalya
Parv, Mahabharat / Book IX Chapter 45 gives List of the mothers
who became the companions when Skand was installed. Surya is given
in verse (IX.45.44). ...."and some of Vishnu and some of Surya,
and some of Varah. Of charming and delightful features, they were
beautiful like the asurs.
Adi
Parv, Mahabharat / Mahabharat Book I Chapter 61 Genealogy of the
Danavs, Asurs, Kauravs, Pandavs, Gandharvs, Apsaras, Rakshashs....
The mighty Asur Krathan gifted with great energy became noted
on earth as the monarch Suryaksh. The great Asur of handsome features
known by the name of Surya, became on earth the monarch of the Valhiks
by name Darad, that foremost of all kings.
Source
:
https://www.jatland.com/
home/Saurya