SINDHU

Sindhu, Sandhu, Sandhu / Sanddhu gotra Jats are found in Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir in India and also in Pakistan. Sindhu is an ancient gotra. Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned it as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia. The were also called Sindi (Sindicar of Herodotus).

Origin :

This gotra seems to have originated from Sindhu Janapada of Mahabharata period. Sandhus are considered descendants of King Satyasandhu. Sindhu Raja Jayadrath, who had married Duryodhan's sister, fought for the Kauravs in the Mahabharat. Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned Sindhu as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia.

Tej Ram Sharma writes....The term Sindhu was corrupted to Hindu in the old Persian inscriptions of Darius I (516-485 B. C.), and to Indus by the Ionian (Panini's Yavan) Greeks. The word 'India' is derived from the river Sindhu or the Indus. Taking its rise from the snows of Western Kailash in Tibet, the Sindhu first flows north-west of Kashmir and South of little Pamir, and then takes a southward course along which lay some of the important cities of north India. Emerging from the Darad high-lands, the river (Daradi Sindhuh) enters the Gandhar country until it receives its most important western tributary the Kabul river at Ohind, a few miles north of Attock.

Mention by Panini :

Pare-Sindhu is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi.

Sindhu Janapad is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi.

Sindhu-vaktra is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi.

History :

V. S. Agrawal writes that Ashtadhyayi of Panini mentions janapad Sindhu, under Kachchhadi (IV.2.133) and Sindhvadi (IV.3.93). Sindhu was originally the name of a river which gave its name to the country. The term Sindhu was corrupted to Hi(n)du in old Persian Inscriptions of Darius I (516-485 BC) and to Indus by Ionian (Panini's Yavan) Greeks. Sindhu as janapad may be identified with Sind-Sagar Doab, the region between Jhelum and Indus. Most of it is now sandy desert of Thal.

Ram Swarup Joon writes In the Sabha Parv, Mahabharat / Book II Chapter 48, while describing various Kings who attended a ceremony in the Durbar (court) of Maharaj Yudhisthir, seventeen names are mentioned which are today found as Jat gotras. These are Malhia, Mylaw, Sindhar, Gandhar, Mahity, Mahe, Savi, Bath, Dharan, Virk, Dard, Shaly, Matash, Kukar (Khokar) Kak, Takshak, Sand, Bahik (Bathi) Bije (Bijenia), Andhra, Sorashtra (Rathi) Mann, Ar, Sohat, Kukat, Othiwal (Othval).

Ram Sarup Joon writes that. There is a story in Karna Parv / Mahabharat Book VIII Chapter 23 of the Mahabharat that when Dron Acharya was killed in action, Karna was appointed Commander in Chief of Kaurav Army. He chose Raja Shalya of Sialkot as his charioteer. He was a Madrak Jat and a brother of Madri, mother of the Pandavs. When they were driving to the battle field Karan said, “0, Shalya, there is none equal to me in archery in the Pandav army. They will flee before my arrows”. Shalya was frank and said “No, my people don’t acknowledge your prowess with the bow and arrow as being superior to that of Arjun.” Karan felt offended and remarked caustically’ “0 Shalya, what do you Jartikas living in the land of five rivers, know about archery and bravery. All your people, Arh, Gandhar, Darad, Chima, Tusar, Malhia, Madrak, Sindhaw, Reshtri, Kukat, Bahik and Kekay eat onion and garlic. The gotras mentioned above are all Jats and are not found in any other community. However ungraceful the remark, it does prove the existence of Jats in that period and that people of Punjab were called Jatika or Jartik.

Ram Sarup Joon writes that Ardas or Urdas Sindhu: This is a very old gotra of the Jats. They are mostly Sikh Jats. They are the descendants of King Jai Drath. As they came from Sindh they were known as Sindhi. They have been mentioned in history for various praiseworthy deeds, which have been mentioned earlier. King Jai Dratha was the son of Drudabhanu in the 52nd generation of the Urdas Branch of King Yayati and was the brother-in-law of Duryodhan.

His capitals were Mathela Shorao, Mao and Shivasthan (Seistan). The Mahabharat Sabha Parv mentions Jai Darath to be a Sindhu. About 600 years before Christ, the King of Sindhu helped the king of Cyprus, against Babylonia. But later on the king of Cyprus, on becoming very powerful drove them out of Sindh. The Sindhar gotra is a derivative of Sindhu. The people of this clan belonging to this gotra are found in Haryana.

Ram Swarup Joon writes that Pliny has written that during a conflict between KhanKesh, a province in Turkey, and Babylonia, they sent for the Sindhu Jats from Sindh. These soldiers wore cotton uniforms and were experts in naval warfare. On return from Turkey they settled down in Syria. They belonged to Hasti dynasty. Asiagh Jats ruled Alexandria in Egypt. Their title was Asii

Ram Sarup Joon writes that about 70 Jat Gotras joined the Gujar force and started calling themselves Gujars. Sindher is one of them.

Bhim Singh Dahiya writes that the ancient Greeks mentioned them as Sindi (Sindicar of Herodotus) and placed them on the Basphorus. In Indian literature they are mentioned as Sindhu or Saindhav and are associated with Sauvir-of the expression Sindhu-Saurira. In Kurma Puran and Vishnu Puran, they are mentioned with the Huns : “Sauvirah Saindhav Hunan” as residents of Sakal, Sialkot. Panini mentions a janapad (Republic) of the Sindhus between Jhelum and Indus rivers (In Mahabharat war, they fought on the side of Kauravs. A copper plate inscription of Gujarat, Chalukiya Pulakesi Raja Refers to Tajiks, i.e. Arabs who had defeated the Sandhus and other tribes in west India. Earlier, in 739 A.D. they had defeated the Arabs under their king Punyadev. In 756 and 776 A.D., they twice repulsed the Arab naval attacks.

Ram Swarup Joon writes that Sindhu is an ancient gotra. Sindhu Raja Jai Dhrata, who had married Duryodhan's sister fought for the Kauravs in the Mahabharat.

Nagendra Nath Bannerjee writes in his book 'Bangla Shabd Kosh' that Jaidhrat before becoming the ruler of Sindh Desh ruled Ceylon. Jai Dharat was born in the 52nd generation of Yayati's third son Ardas. His father was

History of the Jats, End of Page-101

Dardshanu. His capital in Sindhu Desh was Alwa and he had constructed forts at Mathela, Shiv Rao, Bhan and Shavistan. In 600 BC a Sindhu ruler helped Babylonia against Cyrus. Later another ruler helped Darius against Alexander. After having been ruled by Sindhus for many generations, Sindhu Desh came under the rule of Mauryas. Chach, a Brahmin courtier, assassinated the Mauryan ruler in conspiracy with his corrupt queen. The Sindhu and Midh Jats of Sindhu Desh resented it and consequently helped Khalifa Al Qasim against Chach. After Chach came to power, the Sindhu Jats left Sindhu Desh in large numbers and settled in the Punjab and established a big 'Khaap' there. In Haryana these people are called Sindhar. The majority of Sindhus are found in the districts of Lahore and Amritsar.

In Rajatarangini :

Rajatarangini tells that during the reign of Abhimanyu II in Kashmir There lived a charioteer named Kupya who had two sons named Sindhu and Bhuyya, of whom the elder Sindhu was a flatterer. He had been treasurer of Parvvagupt, and afterwards became the treasurer and favorite of the queen.

Rajatarangini tells when the king's evil designs were rumoured, Uhlana fled. The king in his anger exiled Mallakoshta. Ananda, lord of Dvara, son of Anant, was imprisoned and Prajji, an inhabitant of Sindhu and born in a royal family, was made lord of Dvar by the king. Year 1121 AD (VIII,p.89)

Rajatarangini tells that. But when Sujji arrived with a few Kashmirians, with the Khashas and the men of Sindhu, they tried in vain to confront him.

Rajatarangini tells that. Koshtak imprisoned the chiefs of the several departments of government and, like a king,- collected rent from the subjects in Drang, in his own name, and left no money in Sindhu. (p.178)

Rajatarangini mentions works done by various chiefs during the reign of king Jayasimha (1128 - 1155 AD) of Kashmir....The chief among the kings made his own matha a specially desirable object. He was without vanity, and gave away in gifts many villages, the principal among which was celebrated as Simhapura by those who knew of his gifts. In this place the son of the daughter of the lord of Karapatha established a Colony of the twice-born who were going to Sindhu and of the rough out caste people of Dravid who formerly lived at Siddhachchhatra. (p.218-219)

History of Sindhu Gotra :

Dalip Singh Ahlawat writes :

Sindhu is a famous, glorious and ancient gotra of Jats. This dynasty ruled the Indus country. He is also described in Ramayan. Sugriv sent Vanarasen to the west direction under the leadership of his powerful 'Sushen' and Sindhu to search for Sita ji.

History of Jat Veers : Dalip Singh Ahlawat , pg-265

Also ordered to go to the country (v. Kishkindha Kand, 42nd canto). Sindh Mjmml-ul-historical sensitivity Wakhata Pang from Hazari wrote that Duryodhana 5,000 years ago Sindh Country Med 1 was on the path of state advancement of Jats. Jat History English Translation Page 6 Author Ramsarup June has written the same on the basis of this article. But Jats have ruled this country since Vedic period. (See the third chapter of this book, the kingdom of the Jatavs in the Vedic period).

In Dwapar there was a huge district named Sindhu, on which the magnificent Indus dynasty ruled by this name. There were ten nations under this dynasty.

"Sindhu Rashtrakumanih Das Rashtrani Yanih" (Karna Parv 2-23)

At that time a king named Jayadrath ruled this region harshly. Mahabharat"Sindhu-Sauveerbhartar Darpapurnam Manasvinam" (Samparva 22-9), "Pati: Sauvirasindhunam wicked sentiment Jayadrath" (Vanaparva 268-8), "Jayadratho name if Shrutste Sauvirrajah: Subhag Sa Av" (Vanaparv 266-12) etc. The king of the districts of Sauvir etc. is written. Many historians have imagined the above ten nations such as Shiv, Vasati, Kakusth, Sauvir, 2 (four Jatavas) dynasties, etc. to be under the Sindhu kingdom. The management of this vast Sindhu state was under the control of Rajya Sabha, Nyaya Sabha and Dharm Sabha. For this reason Jayadrath was an excellent manager of his time. Impressed by this ability, King Duryodhan made his sister Dushala was married to Jayadrath and made the Sindhu his friend.

On the occasion of Yudhishthir's Rajasuya Yajna, the Sindhu King gifted twenty five thousand Sindhu horses made from Suvarnamalas. (Saphaarva, 51st chapter). In the Mahabharat war, Jayadrath fought on behalf of Duryodhan with an Akshauhini army. It is known to all that Arjun killed Jayadrath by sunset.

The flag of the Sindhu kingdom was bearing the Varaha (boar) sign (Dron Parv 43–3). This flag was often considered to be of all the Aryan districts of the West. After Jayadratha died, his son Surath became the king of the Sindhu country. After the Mahabharat war, Emperor Yudhishthir performed the Ashwamedh Yagna. Arjun reached Sindhu country on that occasion. Sindhuraj Surath died due to heart failure after hearing the information about Arjun's arrival there.

Ashwamedh the sacrifice of memory (souvenir) Arjun named Mohan (Krishna) and Yudharo (Yudhisthir) Mohenjo-daro-Mohenjodaro built town called 3 . (Utterance of Jats, page 296, author Yogendrapal)

1. On Untiquity of Jat Race page 6, author Ujat Singh Mahil has proved by solid evidence that the word 'Meda' is wrong, instead read Manda (gotra) Jat.

2. In Jats the Entente Ruller , BS Dahiya has penned the Sohal Jat gotra by proving Sauvir as Sohal on page 20.

3. Jat History Page 693, the author Tha Deshraj has written that after Jayadrath, the people of Sri Krishna and Yudhishthir took their right over a large state of Sindhudesh and laid the foundation of the state of knowledge. Where they had their capital, it was called Mohan + Yudhar (named after Mohan + Yudhishthir) which later became famous as Mohenjudaro or Mohenjodaro. The Sindhu dynasty is a part of the Shiv dynasty.

History of Jat Veers : Dalip Singh Ahlawat, pg-266

Even before this time, the Jats had democratic rule in the Sindhu country. The literature of the Sindhu country is a witness to this. The 'Bangla Encyclopedia' book 7 page 6 states that "In ancient times, theSindhu country was a Jat republic and the Jat women of the Sindhu country are universally famous for their beauty and virtue."

After the Mahabharat Sindhu Jat existing Sindhuvansh the country's Buddh inspired by the Maurya, Kushan and holding from've tribe Gupta kings (three Jatvansh) accept collectively Buddhism by the presence and in the same religion long Those who did not accidentally turned to the new Brahmin religion. Chach established an inappropriate relationship with this king's queen Suhanadi and angered and annexed the kingdom with the help of the queen. On the death of Daringarai, Chach got married to that queen. This Chacha king ruled Sindhpradesh for 40 years. It was such a staunch and merciless enemy of the Jats that it crushed their economic, social and mental condition. (Jat History p. 14-15, author Kalikaranjan Kanungo ; Jat History p. 697 author Tha Deshraj ; Jats the Ancient Rule p. 213 Author BS Dahiya). More details will be written in the chapter on the Jat kingdom in Sindh after the Mahabharat period.

After the leadership of Banda Bairagi, when the ambitious dynasties in Punjab created 12 instances (princely states) and abolished the Mughal rule from the province and stabilized the Sikh power, the Indus dynasty attained statehood by taking major part in many examples like Kanhaiya and Sinhapuria . Colonel James Tod has counted the Sindhu Dynasty in 36 dynasties, taking into consideration the ancient prestige and statehood of these Sindhu Jats. The list of 36 princes of Rajasthan lists 6 authors, including Tod. Chandrabardai has also written the Sindhu dynasty among the princes in his list.

Sindhu Jats had a very advanced status in Lahore, Lailpur, Sheikhupur districts. Independence is the specialty of this dynasty. While waiting for the revolution in peace, doing good agriculture and taking prominence in the forefront of the revolution is the specialty of Indus Jats. Sardar Ajitsingh Sindhu, who was the first to revolutionize against British rule in all Punjab, accepted the great hardship of living abroad for the benefit of the country. His brother Amar Shahid Sardar Bhagat Singh, son of patriot Sardar Kishan Singh. Due to this, the history of Indian revolution is very bright. This hero will be remembered as the hero of the Sindhu dynasty. Thus the Sindhu dynasty is the most prestigious dynasty among the Jats. Amarshaheed Bhagat Singh Sindhu is proud of not only Jats, but all Indians. Your life character will be written in the tenth chapter.

1. 'Rai' is a branch of the Maurya (Maur) Jat dynasty. It will be described in the case of Maurya (Maur) Jats in the State of India.

History of Jat Veers : Dalip Singh Ahlawat, pg-267

Prior to the independence of India, the princely states of the Indus Jats (Jagirs) were Kalsia, Fatehgarh, Siranwali, Barala, Bhadwal, Chothar, Padhan, Chunia, Bhadhan, Kaliyawala, Maukal etc. Sikhs are more in number in this Jatvansh. But there are also Hindu Jats of this dynasty. These districts are located in Meerut , Moradabad, Hisar and Rohtak. Akkhapur village in Meerut belongs to Indus Jats. Khanda-Khedi in Hisar, Khedi Sadh and Naunond villages in Rohtak belong to Indus Jats. In many places this gotra is also called Sindhad. In Karnal, the Jat villages of this gotra are Khedi Mansingh, Gagasin, Jullapur.

Brief description of famous events of Jats of Indus dynasty :

1. 600 years before Christ , the great Emperor Cyrus had to fight with the people of Babylonia. Cyrus received help from Sindhuraj, the Emperor of the Indus Jats, for this war. Cyrus was conquered with the help of the Indus army. Colonel Tod has used the following words for the glory of the Jat caste of this time - "If we examine the royal influence of this great Jatic (Jat) caste in the time of Cyrus 600 years before Christ, it is in our understanding It comes that even in the advanced condition of Timur, the might of these Jats did not decrease."

2. At the time when Alexander was rising to invade Iran, the ruler Shailaksha (Seleucus) sought assistance from King Sindhusen of the Sindhu country, who was the republican president of the Sindhu Jats. The Maharaja sent the Sindhu Jat soldiers wearing arrows and spearheads to Iran to assist him. In connection with this battle, Herodotus wrote that "the part of Alexander's army which the Jetta (Jat) people attacked, that part was weakened. These warriors used to sit in chariots and fight with arrows. Alexander himself had to come forward to fight against them. ”At this time, King Chitravarma ruled in Balochistan, whose capital was Kalat. (Jat History pp. 695-696, author Tha Deshraj).

3. A unique example of the Jatavis rejecting the order of the great Emperor Akbar- Sindhuvanshi Jat Changa established a village called Padhan, 15 miles from Lahore. Chaudhary Miramatta of Dhariwal Jat Gotra lived in a village called Dolakangada in Ferozepur district. His daughter Dharmakaur was very strong and very beautiful. Once the emperor Akbar was visiting near the village of Miramatta on a tour. He saw that this beautiful daughter of Miramatta kept her running mighty calf on her rope with a pot of water on her head and held it until her heroine came and grabbed the rope. Akbar was surprised to see this scene. Emperor Akbar was fascinated by the power and beauty of this girl and ordered Chaudhary Miramatta to marry his daughter with him. Miramatta asked for time to consult the Jat community. Sir Lipan wrote that “Miramatta Dhariwal Jat organized a Panchayat of 35 Jatavans (Khapas) headed by Jat Changa Chaudhary. Panchayat

History of Jat Veers : Dalip Singh Ahlawat, pg-268

Unanimously passed the resolution that Akbar would not be given a girl to the emperor. With this proposal, Chaudhary Changa and Miramatta reached Akbar's court. With fear and courage, Sindhu Jat Changa told Akbar the decision of the panchayat that Jats will not give you a girl. Impressed by this unique example and the fearlessness of Changi, Akbar Badshah gave the title (title) of 'Chaudhary' to Changa Jat and established a mutual union. "Changa's son also held this title. But when grandson of Changa called Devdas was accused of murder this title was taken back by King Jahangir 1. Many Rajput kings of Rajasthan, who bowed their heads in front of the emperor Akbar, gave their daughters to her, the ordinary rural Jats turned down the order for her to marry Jatlarki. This is a unique feature of Jatavirs. There is no such instance in the history that Jats and Jat rulers married their daughters to any Muslim king or Muslim and Christian people. There are many examples of Muslim kings of Jats bowing before the Sarvakhap Panchayat, which will be written at the appropriate place.