BHISHMA
PARV MAHABHARAT BOOK 6 CHAPTER 10
Mahabharat
Book 6 Chapter 10 : English
Describes geography and provinces of Bharatvarsh
SECTION
IX
"Dhritrashtra
said,--'Tell me truly (O Sanjay) of this Varsh that is called after
Bharat, where this senseless force hath been collected, in respect
of which this my son Duryodhan hath been so very covetous, which
the sons of Pandu also are desirous of obtaining, and in which my
mind too sinketh. O, tell me this, for thou art, in my judgment
endued with intelligence.
"Sanjay
said,--'Listen to me, O king The sons of Pandu are not covetous
about this country. On the other hand, it is Duryodhan that is covetous,
and Sakuni the son of Suval, as also many other Kshatriyas who are
rulers of the provinces, who being covetous of this country are
not able to bear one another. I will now will thee, O thou of
Bharat's race, of the tract of land known by Bharat's name. This
land is the beloved one of Indra, and, O thou of Bharat's race,
this land, O monarch, that is called after Bharat, is also the beloved
land of Manu, the son of Vivaswat, of Prithu, of Vainya, of the
high-souled Ikshwaku, of Yayati, of Amvarish, of Mandhatri, of Nahush,
of Muchukund, of Shivi the son of Usinar, of Rishav, of Ila, of
king Nrig, of Kusika, O invincible one, of the high-souled Gadhi,
of Somak, O irrepressible one, and of Dilip, and also, O monarch,
of many other mighty Kshatriyas. I will now, O chastiser of
foes, describe to thee that country as I have heard of it.
The
Mountains :
Listen to me, O king, as I speak of what thou hast asked me. Mahendra,
Malaya, Sahya, Shuktiman, Rikshavan, Vindhya, and Pariyatra,--these
seven are the Kula-mountains1 (of BharatVarsh). Besides these, O
king, there are thousands of mountains that are unknown, of hard
make, huge, and having excellent valleys. Besides these there are
many other smaller mountains inhabited by barbarous tribes, Aryans
and Malechs.
The
Rivers :
O Kauravya, and many races, O lord, mixed of the two elements, drink
the waters of the following rivers, viz., magnificent Ganga, Sindhu,
and Saraswati; of Godavari, and Narmada, and the large river (Mahanadi)
called Yamuna; of Dhrishadwati, and Vipap, and Vipas and Sthulavaluk;
of
the river Vetravati, and that other one called Krishna-ven; of Iravati,
and Vitast, and Payosyini, and Devika;
of
Vedasmrita and Vedavati, and Tridiva, and Ikshumalini; 2 of Karishini,
and Chitravaha, and the river called Chitrasena;
of
Gomati, and Dhutapapa and the large river called Gandaki 3,
of
Kausiki, and Nischitra, and Kirtya, and Nichita, and Lohatarini;
4
of
Rashasi and Satakumbha, and also Sarayu;
of
Charmanwati, and Vetravati, 5 and Hastisoma, and Disa;
of
the river called Saravati, and Venna, and Bhimarathi; of Kaveri,
and Chuluka, and Vina, and Satavala;
of
Nichira, and Mahita, and Suprayoga, O king; of Pavitra, and Kundala,
Sindhu and Vajini, and Puramalini;
of
Purvabhirama, and Vira, and Bhima, and Oghavati;
of
Palashini, and Papahara, and Mahendra, and Patalavati,
of
Karishini, and Asikni, and the large river Kusachira:
of
Makari, and Pravara, and Mena, and Hema, and Ghritavati;
of
Puravati, and Anushna, and Saivya, and Kapi, O Bharat;
of
Sadanira, and Adhrishya, and the mighty stream Kusadhara;
of
Sadakanta, and Siva, and Viravati;
of
Vatsu, and Suvastu, and Kampana with Hiranwati;
of
Vara, and the mighty river Panchami,
of
Rathachitra, and Jyotiratha, and Viswamitra, and Kapinjala;
of
Upendra, and Vahula, and Kuchira, and Madhuvahini:
of
Vinadi, and Pinjala, and Vena, and the great river Tungavena;
of
Vidisa and Krishna-vena, and Tamra, and Kapila,
of
Salu, and Suvama, the Vedaswa, and the mighty river Harisrava; of
Sighra, and Pischala, and the river Bharadwaji,
of
the river Kausiki, and Sona, and Chandrama;
of
Durgamantrasila, and Brahma-vodhya, and Vrihadvati;
of
Yaksh, and Rohi, and Yamvunadi;
of
Sunasa and Tamasa, and Dasi, and Vasa, and Varuna, and Asi;
of
Nila, and Dhrimati, and the mighty river Parnasha;
of
Pomasi, and Vrishabha, and Brahma-meddhya, and Vrihaddhani.
These
and many other large rivers, O king, such as Sadonirmaya and Krishna,
and Mandag, and Mandavahini; and Mahagouri, and Durga, O Bharat;
and Chitropal. Chitrarath, and Manjula, and Vahini; and Mandakini,
and Vaitarani, and Kosa, and Mahanadi; and Suktimati, and Ananga,
and Pushpaveni, and Utpalavati; and Lohitya, Karatoya, and Vrishasabhya;
and Kumari, and Rishikullya and Marisha, and Saraswati; and Mandakini,
and Supunya, Sarvasang,
O
Bharat, are all mothers of the universe and productive of great
merit. Besides these, there are rivers, by hundreds and thousands,
that are not known (by names), I have now recounted to thee, O king,
all the rivers as far as I remember.
The
Provinces :
"After this, listen to the names of the provinces as I mention
them. (Shloka 37-68). They are
(VI.10.37)
: The Kuru-Panchalas, the Salwas, the Madreyas, the Jangalas,
(VI.10.38) : The Shurasena, the Kalingas, the Bodhas, the Mokas,
the Matsyas, Sukatyas, the Saubalyas, the Kuntalas, the Kashi-Koshalas,
(VI.10.39) : The Chedi-Vatsas, the Karushas, the Bhojas, the Sindhu-Pulindakas,
the Uttamojas, the Dasharnas, the Mekalas, the Utkalas;
(VI.10.40) : The Panchalas, the Kausikas, the Ekaprishthas, Yugandharas;
the Saudhas, the Madra, Bhujingas, the Kashis, and the further-Kashis
(Aparakashi);
(VI.10.41) : The Jatharas, the Kukkuras, the Sudasharnas O Bharat;
the Kuntis, the Avantis, and the further-Kuntis; the
(VI.10.42) : Govindas, the Mandakas, the Shandas, the Vidarbhas,
the Anupavasikas; the Ashmakas, the Pansurashtras, the Goparashtras,
the Panitakas and
(VI.10.43) : The Adirashtras, the Sukattas, the Balirashtras, the
Kevalas, the Vanarasyas, the Paravahas, the Vakras, the Vakrabhayas,
the Sakas;
(VI.10.44) : The Videhakas, the Magadhas, the Suhmas, the Vijayas,
the Angas, the Vangas, the Kalingas, the Yakrilalomans;
(VI.10.45) : The Mallas, the Sudeshnas, the Prahutas, the Mahishas,
the Karshikas; the Vahikas, the Vatadhanas, the Abhiras, the Kalatoyakas;
(VI.10.46) :The Aparantas, the Shudras, the Pahalvas, the Charmakhandikas;
the Atavis, Shabaras, Marubhaumas, Marishas,
(VI.10.47) : The Upavrisha-Anupavrisha, the Surashtra, the Kekayas;
the Kuttaparantas, the Dvidheyas, the Kakshas, the Samudranishkutas;
(VI.10.48) : The Andhras, and, O king, many hilly tribes, and many
tribes residing on lands laying at the foot of the hills, and the
Angamaladas, Magadha and the Mana-Varjakas (Maan)+(Bardak);
(VI.10.49) : The Mahyuttaras, the Pravrisheyas, and the Bhargavas,
O king; the Pundras, the Bhargas, the Kiratas, the Sudoshnas, the
Paramudasa, and
(VI.10.50) : The Sakas, the Nishadas, the Nishadhas, the Anartas,
the Nairitas, the Dugulas, the Pratimatshyas, the Kushala, the Kunatals,
and
(VI.10.51) : The Tiragraha-Taratoyas, the Rajikas, the Ramyakaganas,
the Tilakas, the Parasika, the Madhumantahs, the Parakutsakas;
(VI.10.52) : The Kashmiras, the Sindhu-Sauviras, the Gandharvas,
and the Darshakas; the Abhisaras, the Kulutas, the Sahivalas, and
the Valhikas;
(VI.10.53) : The Darvikas, the Kachas, the Darvas, the Vatajamas,
the Rathoragas, Bahuvadyas, the Kauravyas, the Sudamanas, the Sumallikas;
(VI.10.54) : The Vadhras, the Karishakas, the Kulinda-Upatyakas;
the Vanayavas, the Dasha, the Parshva, Romanas, and the Kusha-Vindavas;
(VI.10.55) : The Kachchhas, the Gopalakachchhas, and Langala, the
Paravallaka, the Kiratas, the Barbaras, the Siddhas, the Vaidehas,
and the Tamralingakas;
(VI.10.56) : The Oshtras, the Paundras, the Sairandhras, and the
Parvatiyas and Marisha, O sire.
Other Kingdoms :
"'There are other kingdoms, O bull of Bharat's race, in the
south. They are the Dravids, the Kerals, the Prachyas, the Mushikas,
and the Vanavashikas; the Karanatakas, the Mahishakas, the Vikalpas,
and also the Mushakas; the Jhillikas, the Kuntalas, the Saunridas,
and the Nalakananas; the Kankutakas, the Cholas, and the Malavayakas;
the Samangas, the Kanakas, the Kukkuras, and the Angara-Marishas;
the Samangas, the Karakas, the Kukuras, the Angaras, the Marishas:
the Dhwajinis, the Utsavas, the Sanketas, the Trigartas, and the
Salwasena; the Vakas, the Kokarakas, the Pashtris, and the Lamavegavasas;
the Vindhyachulakas, the Pulindas, and the Kalkalas; the Malavas,
the Vallavas, the further-Vallavas, the Kulindas, the Kalavas, the
Kuntaukas, and the Karatas; the Mrishakas, the Tanavalas, the Saniyas;
the Alidas, the Pasivatas, the Tanayas, and the Sulanyas; the Rishikas,
the Vidarbhas, the Kakas, the Tanganas, and the further-Tanganas.
Among the tribes of the north are the Mlecchas, and the Kruras,
O best of the Bharats; the Yavanas, the Chinas, the Kambojas, the
Darunas, and many Mleccha tribes; the Sukritvahas, the Kulatthas,
the Hunas, and the Parasikas; the Ramanas, and the Dasha Malikas.
These countries are, besides, the abodes of many Kshatriya, Vaisya,
and Sudra tribes. Then again there are the Sudra-abhiras, the Dardas,
the Kasmiras, and the Pattis; the Khasiras; the Atreyas, the Bharadwajs,
the Stanaposhikas, the Poshakas, the Kalingas, and diverse tribes
of Kiratas; the Tomaras, the Hansamargas, and the Karamanjakas.
These and other kingdoms are on the east and on the north. O lord,
alluding to them briefly I have told thee all. Earth, if its resources
are properly developed according to its qualities and prowess, is
like an ever-yielding 1 cow, from which the three-fold fruits of
virtue, profit and pleasure, may be milked. Brave kings conversant
with virtue and profit have become covetous of Earth. Endued with
activity, they would even cast away their lives in battle, from
hunger of wealth. Earth is certainly the refuge of creatures endued
with celestial bodies as also of creatures endued with human bodies.
1 Desirous of enjoying Earth, the kings, O chief of the Bharats,
have become like dogs that snatch meat from one another. Their ambition
is unbounded, knowing no gratification. 2 It is for this that the
Kurus and the Pandavas are striving for possession of Earth, by
negotiation, disunion, gift, and battle, O Bharat. If Earth be well
looked after, it becometh the father, mother, children, firmament
and heaven, of all creatures, O bull among men.'"
Footnotes
:
20:1 i.e. mountains forming boundaries of divisions.
20:2
The Bombay text reads Ikshula and Krimi for "Ikshumlavi"
occurring in Bengal texts.
20:3
The Bengal texts have Gandakincha mahanadim. The Bombay text reads
Vandanancha mahanadim with a cha immediately before. The Burdwan
Pandits read Chandanancha mahanadim.
20:4
The Bombay texts read Tridiva for Nischita; this is incorrect, for
Tridiva occurs in the Bombay text itself a little before. The name
Lohatarini occurs in various forms.
20:5
For Vetravati, the Bengal texts read Chandrabhaga. Both Chandrabhaga
and Vetravati, however occur before.
22:1
Kamadhuk is that species of kine which always yield milk.
23:1
Nilakantha explains this in this way. The gods depend on sacrifices
performed by human beings; and as regards human beings, their food
is supplied by the Earth. Superior and inferior creatures, therefore,
are all supported by the earth; the Earth then is their refuge.
The word Earth in these slokas is sometimes used to signify the
world and sometimes the element of that name.
23:2
I render the last line a little too freely. If the saying is intended
to be general, the translation should run thus: "Up to this
day there is no man whose desires can be satiated."
Combined
list in alphabetical order :
Abhiras, Abhisaras, Adhirjayas, Adidaya, Adirashtras, Alidas, Amarathas,
Anartas, Andhras, Angas, Angadas, Angamalajas, Antargiri, Anupavasikas,
Anupavrishchas, Aparandhra, Aparavartaka, Aparantas, Apavahas, Asmakas,
Atavis, Atreyas, Aundras, Aupakas, Avantis, Bahava, Bahirgiri, Bahuvadyas,
Balirashtras, Barbara, Bharadwajas, Bharats; Bhargas, Bhargavas,
Bhojas, Bhujinga, Bhushikas, Bodhas, Chakras, Charmamandalas; Chedis,
Chinas, Cholas, Dardas, Darshakas; Darunas, Darva, Daravidas, Darvikas,
Dasamalikas. Dasarnas, Dasha, Davedheya, Dhurandharas; Dhwajinis,
Dugulas, Ekaprashtha, Gandharvas, Girigavharas, Gomantas, Gopalkachchhas,
Goparashtras, Govinda, Hansamargas, Hrishi, Hunas, Jangalas, Jatharas,
Jhillikas, Kachchhas, Kakas, Kakshas, Kalatoyakas; Kalavas, Kalindas,
Kalingas, Kalkalas; Kambojas, Kanakas, Kankutakas, Kantikas, Kanyakagunas,
Karakas, Karabhanjakas. Karantha, Karanatakas, Karatas; Karishakas,
Karnikas, Karshikas, Karityas; Karushas, Kasis, Kashaya, Kashmiras,
Kaukuttakas, Kauravyas, Kausikas, Kekarkas, Kekayas; Keralas, Kevalas,
Khandika, Khasikas; Kokarakas, Kukuras, Kiratas, Kopanas, Kosalas,
Konkana, Kruras, Kuladyas, Kulakas, Kulatas, Kulindas, Kuntas, Kuntalas,
Kuntis, Kuntikas, Kuru, Kuruvarnakas; Kurakas, Kushalas; Kushavindas;
Kutas, Langalas, Lamavegavasas; Madhumattas, Madrabhujingas, Madra,
Madreyas, Magadhas, Mahabhutas, Maheyas, Mahikas, Mahishakas, Malakas,
Malavas, Malavanakas; Malayas, Malechchha, Malikas, Mallaka, Mallarashtras,
Mallas, Mann, Mandakas, Maradhas, Marishas: Marishas; Marubhumas,
Matsyas, Moka, Mekalas, Mleccha, Mlecchas, Mrishakas, Mushakas;
Mushikas, Nairritas, Nalakalakas; Nikarprishtha]s, Nishadhas, Pahlava,
Pahnabhas, Pallavas, Panchalas, Panjakas, Panitakas, Pansurashtras,
Parakashaya, Parahutas, Parakunti, Parakutsaka, Parantas, Parasancharaka,
Parasikas; Paratakas, Paratimatsya, Paravrisheya, Paratanganas,
Paramuda, Parshava, Paravallaka, Parvatiyas Pashtris, Pasivatas,
Pashubhi, Pattis; Paundras, Poshakas, Prachyas, Pranradas, Paroshtha,
Pratimasyas, Pulindas, Pulindakas, Pundras, Rajana, Rajika, Ramanas,
Ramyaka, Rathoraga, Rishikas, Romanas, Rupavahikas; Saisikatas,
Saivalas, Sakas, Sakacha, Sakshadridruha, Shalwas, Shairandhra,
Salwasena; Samangas, Samiras, Samudranishkutas; Saniyas; Sanketas,
Sarvasenas, Sasikas; Satanabalas, Satiya, Satanyoshikas, Satubaka,
Satanapas, Saubdhithas, Saunridas, Sumallikas, Shauvalas, Shavaras,
Shandas, Siddhas, Sindhus, Siralas, Sauviras, Sodhas, Stanaposhikas,
Sudamanas, Sudasharna, Suddellas, Sudeshnas, Shudra, Suhaya, Sukatta,
Sukatya, Sukandakas; Sukritvahas, Sulanyas; Sumalikas; Surasena,
Surashtras, Swakshas, Tamraliptas; Tamralingaka, Tanavalas, Tanayas,
Tanganas, Taratoyas, Taryangas, Tilabharas, Tilaka, Tiragrahas,
Trigartas, Trivargas, Tomaras, Tukharas, Unnatyaka, Upatyakas; Upavrishchas,
Uragas; Ushtra, Utkalas; Utsavas, Uttamaujas, Utulas, Vadhras, Vahikas,
Vahuvadhas, Vaidehas, Vakas, Vakratapas, Valhikas, Vallavas, Vallavas,
Vanayavas, Vanavashikas; Vangas, Varatrasyas, Varjakas; Varvasas,
Vatagas, Vatajamas, Vatadhanas, Vatsa, Vidarbhas, Videhas, Vijayas,
Vikalpas, Vrasheya, Vindhyachulakas, Yakrillomans; Yamunas, Yavans,
Yugandhar.
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