ANG
Ang
Desh was an ancient Indian kingdom that flourished on the eastern
Indian subcontinent and one of the sixteen mahajanpadas ("large
state").
Variants :
Ang (Ang, North Bihar) (AS , p.1)
Desh Ang (Ang Desh)
Location :
It lay to the east of its neighbour and rival, Magadh, and was separated
from it by the river Champa. The capital of Ang was located on the
bank of this river and was also named Champa. It was prominent for
its wealth and commerce. Ang was annexed by Magadh in the 6th century
BCE.
Counted
among the "sixteen great nations" in Buddhist texts like
the Anguttar Nikaya, Ang also finds mention in the Jain Vyakhyaprajnapti’s
list of ancient janpads. Some sources note that the Angs were grouped
with people of ‘mixed origin’, generally in the later
ages.
Etymology
:
According to the Mahabharat (I.104.53-54) and Puranic literature,
Ang was named after Prince Ang, the founder of the kingdom. A king
Bali, the Vairocana and the son of Sutap, had no sons. So, he requested
the sage, Dirghatamas, to bless him with sons. The sage is said
to have begotten five sons through his wife, the queen Sudesna.
The princes were named Ang, Vang, Kaling, Sumha and Pundra.
The Ramayan (1.23.14) narrates the origin of name Ang as the place
where Kamdev was burnt to death by Shiv and where his body parts
(Angs) are scattered.
Jat
clans :
Ang / Angi is one of the gotras of Jats. They were inhabitants of
the territory of India called Ang.
Ancestry :
![](Ancestry_of_Bali.jpg)
Ancestry
of Bali
Bhagavat Puran provides us the ancestry of Bali. Bali was a king
in line of Anu son of Yayati as under :
Yayati
→ Anu → Sabhanar → Kalanar → Janamejay →
Maha Shal → Mahamanas → Titiksh → Rushadrath →
Hom → Sutapas → Bali.
As
per Bhagavat Puran the Dirghatama Rishi produced on Bali's wife
six sons: Ang, Bang, Kaling, Sambhu, Pundra and Odhra.
Mention
by Panini :
Ang is a name of Country mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under
Gahadi (4.2.138) group.
Angka
is a term mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi.
Angi
is a term mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi.
History
:
V S Agarwal writes that Panini takes Bhakti to denote loyalty of
the citizen to the State either a kingdom or a republic. The Kashik
mentions, as examples of this kind of Bhakti or loyalty, 1. Angk,
2. Vangk, 3. Sauhmak, 4. Paundrak, 5. Madrak, 6. Vrijik.
Ang
Desh :
Vijayendra Kumar Mathur wrote ... Ang Desh (AS , p.1) or 'Ang Mahajanpad'
was an ancient district, concurrent to the present Bhagalpur and
Munger districts of the state of Bihar. The capital of Ang was Champa.
Even today, the name of a locality in Bhagalpur is Champanagar.
According to the Mahabharat tradition, Magadha was conquered by
Vrhadrath and other kings of Ang, behind Bimbisar and he himself
succumbed to Lipsa, the rising kingdom of Magadh. Lompad, a friend
of King Dasharath and Angraj Karna of Mahabharat, ruled there. In
the Buddhist scripture 'Angusadnikaya' the Ang has been enumerated
in the preteen Buddha preteen districts of India.
The first nomenclature of the Ang country is in the Atharv Ved 5,22,14
- 'Gandharibhyam Moojavadhyogebhyo Magadebhaya: Prayasana Janam
Shevadhim Tavamanam Paridadamsi.' this
[p.2]:
The non-violent statement indicates that till the creation (or post-Vedic
period) of the Atharv Ved, the Ang, like Magadh, was outside the
spread of Aryan civilization, which ranged from Punjab to Uttar
Pradesh was Ang and Magadh were two parts of the same kingdom in
the Mahabharat period. In Shanti Parv 29,35 (Angm Brihadratham Chaiv
dead 'srnjaya shushrum'), Magadharaj Jarasandh 's father Brihadrath
is the ruler of Ang. Shanti Parv 5,6-7 ('Pritya Dadou Karnai Malinin
Nagaramath, Angeshu Narashardul S Rajasit Saptnajit. Palayamas Champancha
Karna: Parbalardan:, Duryodhanasyanumate Tavapati Viditana and')
is clear that Jarasandha gave Karna Angstha Malini or Champapuri
there Was accepted as the king of. Then Duryodhan the equipment
was declared Angraj.
In
the Vedic period - adverse to the situation of the Vedic period,
during the Mahabharat, the Ang came under the influence of the Aryan
civilization and only one part of the Punjab - Madra - was considered
excluded from the Arya culture at this time. According to the foundation
of Angdesh was laid by King Ang. Probably Ang-Vairochan mentioned
in Aitareya Brahman 8,22 was the founder of Angraj. It is known
from the Jataka tales and other texts of Buddhism that Gautam Buddh.
Prior to this, the organ was counted in the Shodash districts of
Uttarbharat. The capital of Ang in this period was Champanagari.
Angnagar or Champa is also mentioned in the Buddhist 27, 11. In
the pre-Buddhist period there was always hostility to Ang and Magadh
to the state. Jainasutra - In worship, there is a feeling of enmity
with Magadh of Ang and its neighboring countries. The Pragyapana-sutra
also mentions Ang along with other districts and Ang and Bang have
been described as important places of Aryans. Magadh of the kings
of Ang in their opulenceBut there was also authority as appears
from the mention of Vidhurpanditjatak (Kavale 6, 133) in which the
capital city of Magadh has been described as a city of Angdesh.
But this situation did not take long to reverse and Bimbisar, the
prince of Magadh killed Angraj Brahmadatt and annexed his kingdom
to Magadh. Bimbisar had also been the ruler of Ang till his father's
death.
In
Jain texts, Kunik Ajatshatru, son of Bimbisara, is described as
the king of Ang and Champa. In the Mauryan period, the Ang was definitely
under the great empire of Magadh. Kalidas Raghu In 6,27, Angraj
is mentioned in the context of Indumati-Swayamvar immediately after
Magadh-Naresh, which suggests that Ang's reputation may have been
somewhat lower than Magadh in the pre-Gupta period.
Raghu In 6, 27 itself, there is a fascinating description of trained
elephants of Angraj - 'Jagad ChannamayamAngnath: SurAngnapratit
Yauvanshree: Vinitnag: Kilsutarakararendran Padma underground The
Vishnu Puran Part 4, Chapter 18 mentions the Angvan kings. The Kathasaritsagar
44, 9 indicates that in the eleventh century AD, the extension of
Angdesh was to the seashore (Bay of Bengal) because one of the towns
of Ang was situated on the banks of the Vittankpur sea.
There
is an incident in the Mahabharat text that Acharya Drona organized
a competition in Hastinapur to demonstrate the war skills of the
Kaurav princes. Arjun emerged as the highest talented archer in
this competition. Karna challenged Arjun to a duel battle in this
competition. But Kripacharya turned down saying that Karna is not
a prince. Therefore one cannot participate in this competition.
Then Duryodhana declared Karna the king of Ang.
Karngarh
:
Vijayendra Kumar Mathur has authored ... Karnagarh (AS, p.143) is
a hill near Bhagalpur (the capital of Ang country, ancient Champa).
The name of Karnagarh is related to Karna of Mahabharat. Karna was
the king of Angdesh. This place is pre-Buddhist. In the context
of Digvijay of the east direction of Bhima in the Mahabharat, after
the city of Magadh, Girivraj, after Magadhi or Munger, the place
where Bhim and Karna. The description of the war is definitely what
it looks like - 'sa karnam yudh nirjitya vashekritva f bharato,
tato vijigye balwan rajna: mountaineer:'. (Sabha Parva Mahabharata
31,20)
Aparn
:
President Vijender Kumar Mathur has articles ... Aparn
(AS , Pk64): According to = Buddhcharita Ang and Suhm city located
in the middle of where Gautam Buddh was initiated to Kanye and
Shel called Brahmins.
Vijayendra Kumar Mathur has written ... Kekat (AS, p.192) was a
transitional state of Gaya (Bihar). According to the Purans, Buddhavatar
Kekat took place in the country itself. The first mention of Kikat
is in the Rigved - 'Kinte krirmantanti kiketeshu gavo nashiran duhe
na tapanati dharmaan aobharpramagandasya Vedo naichashkhan's madhvandrandhyana:'
3,53, 14. In this quotation Pramagand is mentioned. According to
Yask (Nirukta 6,32) Kikat was a non-Aryan country. Kekat was a name
of Magadh in the Purans and was generally considered unholy; Just
gone and Rajgrih was worshiped in the form of pilgrimage - 'Kiketeshu
Gaya Punya Punya Rajgriha Vanam' Vayu Puran 108,73.
In Brihadharmapuran, Kekat is considered as an evil country, but
Karnada and Gaya are said to be exceptions - 'Tatra Desh Gaya Naam
Punyadeshosti Wushrut: River N Karnada Name Pitranam Swargadayini'
26,47. In the Shrimad Bhagwat, some of the unholy or non-Aryan people
have counted Kekat or Magadh. There was a similar belief in the
Mahabharat period. In the context of the pilgrimage of the Pandavs,
it is said that when they were going to enter the [p.193] border
of Magadh, their fellow Brahmins returned from there. It is possible
that the basis of this belief is the late arrival of Vedic civilization
in Magadh or North-east India. Atharv Ved also organ from 5,22,14
And Magadh proves to be outside the spread of Vedic civilization.
In the Purans, Magadh was considered to be a unique country due
to being the center of Buddhism.
Ang
in the Veds :
Earliest reference to Angs occurs in Atharav Ved (V.22.14) where
they find mention along with the Magadhs, Gandharis and the Mujavatas,
all apparently as a despised people. The Jain Prajnapan ranks the
Angs and the Vangs in the first group of Aryan peoples.
Based
on Mahabharat evidence, the kingdom of the Angs roughly corresponded
to the region of Bhagalpur and Monghyr in Bihar and parts of Bengal;
later extended to include most of Bengal. River Champa (modern Chandan)
formed the boundaries between the Magadh in the west and Ang in
the east. Ang was bounded by river Koshi on the north. According
to the Mahabharat, Duryodhan had named Karna the King of Ang.
In
Mahabharat :
Military Campaign of Karna: Mahabharat, Book 3, Chapter 252....
Then descending from the mountain and rushing to the east, he reduced
the Angs, and the Bangs, and the Kalingas, and the Mandikas and
the Magadhs. the Karkakhands; and also included with them the Avasiras,
Yodhyas, and the Ahikshatras. Having (thus) conquered the eastern
quarter Karna then presented himself before Batsa-bhumi.
Source
:
https://www.jatland.com/
home/Angadesha