COMPLETE
MAHABHARAT
The
Mahabharat Tribes :
![](EpicIndia.jpg)
"Map
of ancient Indian kingdoms during Mahabharat periods"
The
Mahabharat Epitomizes The Indian Genre Of historical literature,
known as Itihas. It is the country's most famous history and epic
poem. Yet it is far more than an ordinary narrative of events leading
up to a great war, and encompasses both a philosophy of life as
well as a code of conduct.
The German Indologist Hermann Oldenberg observed :
"In
the Mahabharat breathe the united soul of India and the individual
souls of her people." The Mahabharat itself states that that
which is not found here cannot be found elsewhere, so comprehensive
is its treatment of dharma and the philosophy of life.
Two of the most popular prayers of the Hindus, the Vishnu Sahastranaam
(revealed by a dying Bhishma to Yudhisthir) and the Bhagvat Gita
(enunciated by Krishna to a distraught Arjun on the battlefield,
on the very eve of the war), come down to us from the Mahabharat.
Note
:
We have used for references The Mahabharat of Krishna-Dwaipayan
Vyas, translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, published between 1883
and 1896.
Author
of Mahabharat :
Reference
- This content is based mainly on Ch. V of book by Sandhya Jain:
Adi Deo Arya Devta - A Panoramic View of Tribal-Hindu Cultural Interface,
Rupa & Co, 7/16, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi, 2004
[Page-110]
The epic has traditionally been attributed to Vyas, son of the sage
Parashar and scion of the priestly Vashisth family, which was connected
with the royal lineage of the Bharat. Vyas is believed to have attempted
a cultural fusion of the diverse elements inhabiting the subbcontinent
by incorporating the popular legends, royal eulogies and relgious
poetry of the different regions, thus binding them in a geographical
and cultural unity. The bard Gustavo (one who has an astonishing
capacity to hear) was the first to publicly recite the epic at the
sacrifice of the chancellor Saunak (I.1.1).
The
cultural material of the epic renders it an indivisible and organic
whole that is intrinsic to the understanding of the Indian ethos.
The Mahabharat provides a panoramic view of the society, politics
and culture of the subcontinent. The present chapter is concerned
with its census-like enumeration of tribes and the knowledge it
reveals about their geographical location, physical and material
qualities, and moral spiritual) fiber.
Dating
of Mahabharat :
Scholars
generally concur that the Mahabharat cannot be dated with accuracy.
However, the era from 1000 BC to 500 AD, during which the country's
social and political institutions underwent considerable change
and upheaval, is normally accepted for dating the epic There is
also a view that the epic's core story hails from a much earlier
period. The cultural material in Books XII and XIII possibly belong
to the pre-Buddha era, while the ethnographically material (Which
includes several names that remain untraced to this day ) is very
ancient. K.C. Mishra believes that the list of tribes cataloged
in connection with the Great War may therefore belong to a tradition
prior to the Buddha. The period from 1000 BC to 500 BC broadly tallies
with the age of the janapadas, wherein tiny tribal oligarchies vied
for supremacy among themselves; the Mahabharat reflects the society
and ethnography of thls peeriod, and depicts the thrus towards strong
centralized political authority though a noteworthy political [Page-111]
integration of a large part of the country was not achieved until
the rise of Mauryas.
The
Vedas, Brahmanas and Purans mention tribes of different periods.
The Rigveda discusses three categories of people, namely Arya,
Dasa and Asurs The Rig
Vedic Aryas comprised several tribes, which increased in number
over a period of time. Some tribes listed in the Rig Veda retain
their names down to the present, such as the Yadu,
Puru,
Shiv, among others, while
others changed their names following division and migration to new
lands. The famous Dasharajnya
yuddh (RV VII.18) probably recalls an intra-tribal feud. Brahman
literature also depicts early Indian ethnography. The Bhuvanakos
chapters of the Purans deal with the ethnography of ancient India,
and are also included in the Epic (VI.I-13).
While
the Rig Ved shows little knowledge of the region outside the Saptasindhu,
the epics and Purans tend to use geographical names, such as Sindhu,
Panchal, Matsya
(RV 7.18.9), Chedi, Kashi,
Koshal, and so on. Yet
it is only in the janapad period that the land and people become
closely intermeshed. The Mahabharat speaks not only of Arya peoples,
but of all beings. It speaks of Dev, Danav, Gandhar,
Yaksh, Rakshash,
Nag, and other groups,
though scholars are not certain if these were really a class of
people who played a role in the events narrated in the epic, or
constitute the remnants of an antique tradition that was incorporated
into the story.
The
Mahabharat ethnographers classified the natives of the land into
three broad categories, namely, Arya, Malech
(alien) and Misra (mixed).
Aryanization
of native tribes :
[Page-112] The incorporation of native tribes into Arya culture
began at a very early stage. From the new evidence coming to light
about tribal kingdoms in the Gupta and post-Gupta period, and their
impulse towards cultural homogenization within their region through
acceptance of the Sanskrit language and Brahmin priests and officers,
we can surmise that this trend was most likely the result of a natural
socio-cultural-political evolution rather than external stimuli.
What makes the Mahabharat of special interest is the fact that it
reveals a stage when the earliest tribal (kinship) grouping submitted
to a larger regional national identity under the pressure of the
emergence of some powerful Kshatriya kingdoms. The epic thus reflects
a decline in tribal culture and transition to states.
The
simplest definition of a tribe is a group of clans claiming common
descent and united for a common purpose, such as war or sacrifice;
it constitutes the oldest form of social organization and generally
originates in a specific territory. The earliest terms used for
such an organized human group in the Rig Veda were jana and vis.
Zimmer regarded vis as identical with the tribe and different from
grama which, he felt, represented a clan and was midway between
family (kul) and tribe (vis). A.C. Das believed that an aggregation
of Vedic families formed a gotra, a group, of gotras constituted
a gosthi, and gosthis became a grama. A number of gramas formed
a vis, (district) and an aggregate of the latter formed a jana (tribe).
The word vis implies settlers and marks a change from the nomadic
state; it was probably an early form of the janapada, the term used
in later Vedic texts.
By
the time of the Arthasastra, the word janapad (foothold of a tribe)
connoted an administrative unit such as a district, country or state,
which suggests that the older tribal settlers had merged into a
much wider peasantry. The term rashtra, though Kautilya is not explicit
about its usage, probably suggests a
[Page-113]
distinction between lands cultivated by the state (sita) and private
lands (rashtra). Sita lands were managed by the state agriculture
department under an officer called sitadhyaksha. Kosambi observes
that at one time rashtra signified small tribal oligarchies which
paid tributes (bali) to the sovereign of the janapada, which Greek
visitors described as the free cities in India. In later periods,
the distinction between rashtra and sita land disappeared and the
former came to signify country or nation. Thus, the janapads were
the last stage in the evolution of an ancient tribal organization.
However, a janapad was not merely an area with a single authority
for all inhabitants, but also denoted a cultural Unit.
Famous
Warrior Tribes :
The epic Mahabharat Parvas which mention about the tribes are as
under with chapters :
No.
|
Parv |
Chapters
with mention of tribes |
1. |
Adi
Parv |
Ch: I.32,
I.35, I.57, I.66, I.67, I.75, I.80, I.94, I.95, I.104, I.109,
I.144, I.158, I.185, I.188,I.221 |
2. |
Sabha
Parv |
Ch : II.9,
II.13, II.23-29, II.31, II.46, II.47, II.48, |
3. |
Van
Parv |
Ch: III.48,
III.114, III.116. |
4. |
Virat
Parv |
Ch: |
5. |
Udyog
Parv |
Ch: V.7,
V.19, V.31, V.53, V.72, V.82, V.157, |
6. |
Bhishma
Parv |
Ch: VI.6,
VI.9, VI.10, VI.18, VI.20, VI.46, VI.47, VI.52, VI.68, VI.83,
VI.112 |
7. |
Dron
Parv |
Ch: VII.15,
VII.61, VII.66, VII.67, VII.68, VII.165 |
8. |
Karna
Parv |
Ch: VIII.4
, VIII.17, VIII.30 |
9. |
Shalya
Parv |
Ch: IX.43,
IX.44 |
10. |
Sauptik
Parv |
Ch: |
11. |
Shanti
Parv |
Ch: XII.29,
XII.200 |
12. |
Anushashan
Parv |
Ch: XIII.31,
XIII.127 |
13. |
Ashwamegh
Parv |
Ch: XIV.8 |
Note
:
This table is compiled by Laxman Burdak.
The
most remarkable aspect of the Mahabharat war was the recruitment
by both the Pandavs and Kauravs of a veritable host of primitive
tribes from jungles and inaccessible valleys, without discrimination,
into their respective armies. Bands of fierce jungle tribes, known
as atavika formed the bulk of the fighting forces on both sides
(II.5.53; XV.7; 7). The epic duly acknowledged individual tribal
warriors such as Eklayya (a Bhil) and Ghatotkach (a Rakshash) for
their legendary courage and fighting skills.
The
epic displays intimate knowledge of the different tribes in the
different regions, as also of the special fighting skills for which
they were renowned. Bhishma instructed Yudhisthir (XII.102) to recruit
people in the various wings of the army after studying their particular
modes of fighting. He expressed a preference for frontier peoples
for handling different missiles, while the Gandhar, Sindhu, and
Sauvir tribes were accomplished in fighting With nails and lances.
The Usinars were skilled
in all weaponry, while the easterners were adept in elephant-back
[Page-114] warfare, and notorious for using unfair tricks in fighting
(Kutaayodhinah, XII.102.19f).
The
Yavan, Kamboj and Sursen tribes (Mathura region) were proficient
in fighting duels, and were also expert infantrymen (niyuddhakusal).
The southern tribes were competent with the sword (XII.102.3-5),
while the northwest frontier and Central Asian tribes were expert
cavalrymen. The epic made a special mention of the Kamboj horse
(VI.88) and the redoubtable Kamboj warriors who were celebrated
for their stiff resistance, unity, discipline and military strategy
(VII. 87.42f, 95.20).
The
Shakas were reputed to be as powerful as Indra (VII.111.50). The
Gandhar horsemen were skilled with the lance (prasa;, VII.6.3).
The Ambashths wielded the club with dexterity (gada, VII.68.59).
The fearsome Trigart warriors (comprising the Lalittha, Malva, Mavellak
and Yaudheya tribes) took a ritual oath to "do" or "die"
(VII.16). The Madra army was notable for its unique paraphernalia
(V.8.3f).
The
eastern tribes were experts in fighting on elephant back. The Magadh
army was renowned for elephant warfare (V.164.24) and their king,
Jarasandha, fought on elephant back (VII.91-26). Yet the most gifted
fighters on elephant back were the tribes of Pragjyotish (Assam),
who trained their elephants to fight an offensive (not just defensive)
war, as seen in the narrative about the elephant of king Bhagadatt
(VII.25.26f) who led an army of Kirats and Chinas. The Kirats fought
on elephants (VII.87.28f) and applied poison to their arrows (VII.87.30f).
Salvs
were adept at the Asur mode of fighting (III.22,23), while the Shaks,
Yavans, Parads and Balhiks were proficient in trick-fighting (VII.68.41.42).
The Dravids were capable warriors. The northern mountaineer tribes
fought with stone weapons, a method of fighting (asmayuddha) unknown
amongst the Kurus and other plains tribes (VII.97.29f)
Tribes
in the Great War :
[Page-115] The Mahabharat records the names of tribes existing at
the time of the Great War, thus reflecting the power and prestige
of the tribal settlements, which were then a major political and
military force. The tribal inventory has great historical value
for modern scholars.
Broadly, there are following principal lists in Mahabharat
:
Names
of the principal Nag chiefs : Adi Parv, Mahabharat / Mahabharat
Book I Chapter 35
Names of all those Nags that fell into the fire of the snake-sacrifice
: Adi Parv, Mahabharat / Mahabharat Book I Chapter 57
Genealogy of the Danavs, Asurs, Kauravs, Pandavs, Gandharvs, Apsaras,
Rakshasah : Adi Parv, Mahabharat / Mahabharat Book I Chapter 67
Genealogies of Yadavs, Kurus, Bharats: Adi Parv, Mahabharat / Mahabharat
Book I Chapter 75
Kshatriyas came on Swayamvar of Draupadi : Adi Parv, Mahabharat
/ Mahabharat Book I Chapter 188
Comprising respectively the tribes defeated by Yudhisthir's four
brothers (Sabha Parv, Book 2 Chapters 23-29
Tribes bringing gifts at Yudhisthir's consecration as king emperor
Sabha Parv, Book 2 Chapters 45-48
Tribes mentioned in the 'geography' in Bhishma Parv, Book 6 Chapter
X
Kings and warriors of various tribes, who came to the ceremony for
investing Kartikeya with the status of generalissimo : Shalya Parv,
Book IX Chapter 44
The tribes that participated in the Kurukshetra War find repeated
mention in the daily battle formations of both sides. Some minor
list of peoples are recorded in the digvijayas undertaken by the
warriors on both sides (Robert Shafer prepared thirteen lists based
on the Critical Edition). However, as the epic's ethnography is
coloured by the Great War, the tribes mentioned (on the battlefield
or in connection with conquests) are mainly the ruling clans of
warrior tribes. The Mahabharat, it is worth recollecting is the
story of India's greatest war since the Rig Vedic Battle of Ten
Kings, and hence documents the largest number of tribes. An almost
equal number of tribes fought on both sides of the conflict. Scholars
consider the "geographical list" at the beginning of the
war as an archetype of similar narratives in the Purans.
The
geographical list attempts to specify the locations of the various
settlements of Bharatvarsh. It was probably compiled by a geographer
of Madhyadesa,who placed the Kuru-Panchala country at the centre
of his efforts and enumerated the various lands and people, arriving
at a fairly comprehensive ethnographic dictionary of India. The
tribal tributes to Yudhisthira give an idea of the wealth of the
janapadas (Upayanaparva list) and document the economic products
of India. Of course, it is not possible to clearly identify all
the Mahabharat tribes today
[Page-116]
as tribal migrations and changes of name were fairly common. Another
problem encountered is that the lists of peoples include those belonging
to the pre-historic period as well as those of a later age. Altogether
some 361 tribes have been listed, not all of which can be clearly
located or identified; indeed, many of the tribes listed by K.C.
Misra are also the names of clans, kingdoms, regions and territories.
Tribes
listed on Pandav Side :
Page-116
1.
Asmaka :
The Purans associate them with the Iksvaku line of Kshatriyas and
Buddhist scriptures refer to their land as a Mahajanapada. Identified
with Paithan in Aurangabad district, this janpad may have comprised
modern Nasik and Aurangabad. Fought with the Pandavs (VII. 61.39).
Asrodh Jat Gotra started after The Mahabharat Tribe named Ashmak.
2. Kanana :
Possibly Karush; fought for the Pandavs.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kanana may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kanara who live in Jaipur district in Rajasthan.
3. Karush :
A very ancient tribe and prominent ally of Pandavs; possibly hailed
from the south of Kashi. (VI.10.39)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Karusha may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Karesia who live in Chittorgarh and Tonk districts in Rajasthan.
4. Kashi :
Listed
in 'geography' (VI.10.38 and 40); were important allies of the Pandavs.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kashi may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kasya. At present Kasya gotra Jats live in Mandsaur district in
Madhya Pradesh. They are in villages Malhargarh in Mandsaur district.
5. Kuninda :
A widely spread tribe in the Terai of Hardwara (III.141.25), possibly
of Kirata stock. Also known as Kulinda (from the river Kalindi),
their coins have been found near the source of the Yamuna-Ganga.
Dwelled north of the Yamuna from Dehradun to Jagadhri. They were
the first tribe to be subjugated by Arjuna when he moved northwards
from Khandavaprastha (II.23.13 ). Sided with the Pandavs in the
war and attacked the Kauravs with a formidable army of elephants
(VIII.62.33ff).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kuninda may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Kunawan who live in Village Renwal in Jaipur district, Rajasthan.
The Salvas were a branch of the Madras and were ruling at Sialkot.
These Madras had a branch named Kuninda, who were related to Koliya
Naga. We know that the Madras were Vahikas and Jartas. Since according
to grammatical illustration of Chandra-gomin the Jarta defeated
the Huns, which means Skanda Gupta defeated the Huns. Hence Guptas
were Jartas or Jat. Page 117
6.
Kundivisa :
A tribe with professional soldiers who fought on both sides, they
constituted a wing in Yudhisthira's army (VI.46.49).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kundivisa may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Kundu
7. Kunti :
An important tribe (VI. 10.41) of the Bhojas, dwelled near Gwalior.
Their king Kunti- Bhoja had matrimonial relations with Pandu; sided
with the Pandavs.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kunti may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kuntal or Khutel
8. Kekaya :
Famous bowmen in the Great War (VIII.9), Linked with Madra. They
were equally divided on both sides. (VII. 61.39)
The Kekayas were often associated with the Madras, the Usinaras,
the Sibis etc and their territory had formed a part of the Vahika
(Jat) country, according to the evidence furnished by Panini.
9. Kerala :
A southern Dravida people (VI.10.57) who stood by Yudhishthira in
the war (VIII. 8 .15).
10. Chedi :
An ancient tribe and power of Madhyadesa, probably Bundelkhand region.
Their king, Sishupala allied with Jarasandha, but after the latter's
death, his son became an ally of the Pandavs and sided with them
in the Great War (VI.10.39)
11. Chola :
Hailed from present Tanjore and sided with the Pandavs under the
influence of the Pandya king. (VI.46.50).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Chola may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Choyal Chol.
12. Tangana / Paratangana :
Famous pair of northern mountaineer tribes (III.141.24), they fought
on both sides (VI.46.49; VII.197.36; etc.).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Tangana may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Tangal or Tangar.
13. Tamralipta :
In the tribute list (II.48.17), probably modern Tamluk, Bengal.
They joined the Pandavs in the war (VIII.17.2).
14. Tittira :
A northwestern tribe that sided with Yudhisthira (VI.46.50). Their
land was famous for its fine horses (VI.86.4), (IX.44.80)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Tittira may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Tatran or Titarwal Page 118
15.
Tumbupa :
Sided with Yudhisthir (VI.46.51); probably hailed from the region
north of Narwar stretching from the foothills of the Vindhyas.
16. Dandaka :
Defeated by Sahdev (II.28.43); they belonged to the forest regions
of Bundelkhand. Joined both sides in the war (Pandavs VI.46.49;
Kaurav, Vl.47.16)
Though Dandaka was mentioned in the epic Ramayan, with great detail,
a few mentions of this kingdom is found in the epic Mahabharat.
In Sahadev's conquests - Sahadev, the Pandav general, and younger
brother of Pandav king Yudhisthir, came to southern regions to collect
tribute for the Rajasuya sacrifice of the king. Sahadev, having
exacted jewels and wealth from king Rukmin (ruling at the second
capital of Vidarbh, named Bhojakat), marched further to the south.
There he, reduced to subjection, Surparaka and Talakat, and the
Dandaks also. The Kuru warrior then vanquished and brought under
his subjection numberless kings of the Malech tribe living on the
sea coast (2,30).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Dandak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Dandak.
17. Dashar/Dasharn :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.39); possibly from the western Vindhya
region. Sided with Yudhishthira (VI.4).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Dasharn may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Dashpuri
18. Dasherak :
A northern tribe, sided with the Pandavs (VI.112.108)(VI.46.46).
19. Dravid :
A southern tribe (VI.10.57), joined the Pandavs (viii.8.14).
20. Nishad :
In the 'geography' (VI. 10.50); subdued by Bhim (II.27.10) and also
Sahdeva (II.28.5). Fought on both sides in the Great War (Pandav,
VI.46.47; Kaurav, VI.112.108). Their strongholds covered the entire
Vindhya ranges.
21. Patachchar :
A tribe of the south-west, defeated by Sahdev (II.28.4); they joined
Yudhisthira's army (VI.46.47). The epic (II.13.25) lists them with
the Yadav and Bhoj tribes who fled westwards for fear of Jarasandh.
(II.13.24)
Patachchar may be identified with Jat Gotra - Pachar
22. Pamsu Rashtra :
Gave rich tributes to Yudhisthira (II.48.26). Joined the Pandavs
(V.II.20).
23. Panchal :
Major allies of the Pandavs; they played an important part in the
epic (VI.10.40)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Panchal may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Pachare. Page 119
24.
Pandya :
A Tamil people defeated by Sahdeva (II.28.48) and Karna (III.241.50).
Joined Yudhisthir's army (VI.46.50).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Pandya may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Pandya who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
25. Pishach :
Fought in Yudhisthir's army (VI.46.15) as well as the Kuru army
(VI.83.8); probably from the region of Kashmir.
26. Pundra / Paundrak :
An
eastern tribe which joined both armies (Pandavs VI.46.49; Kauravs
VIII.17.2).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Pundra may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Pundir.
27. Paurav :
The Cr. Ed. reads Parad, who brought tribute to Yudhisthir (II.47.10
and II.48.12). The Pauravs joined the Pandavs (VI.46.47 and VI.52.13).
Arjun conquered a Paurav settlement near Kashmir.
28. Prayag :
Were in the army of Yudhisthira (VI.46.46); could hail from Prayag
region.
29. Bhadra :
Associated with Rohitaka and Agreya in Karna's conquest (III. 241.67).
They had many branches and fought on both sides in the war (Pandavs
VI.52.9 and Kauravs VI.47.9).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Bhadra may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Bhadu
30. Magadh :
Magadh was the most powerful country before the rise of the Pandavs
at Indraprasth, but after the fall of Jarasandh, the empire was
divided. Jarasandh's son Sahdev was installed by Pandavs at their
capital Giribraja (Rajgir) and supported them in the War. His brother
Jalasandh and other princes of Magadh sided with the Kauravs (V.64.6,
164.9) (VIII. 17.2)
31. Madak :
A northern tribe in Yudhisthir's army (VI.46.49).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Madak may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Madkalya who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
32.
Matsya :
An ancient people from time of the Rig Veda. The Mbh (II.13.27)
records their defeat at the hands of Jarasandha. They were prominent
allies of the Pandavs who lived incognito for one year at the court
of King Virat.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Matsya may be identified with Jat Gotra - Machhar
found in Jaipur and Alwar districts in Rajasthan Page 120
33.
Marudha (-ka, -bhauma) :
Defeated by Sahdev in the south (II.28.7), they may be the Madhka
in Yudhisthira's army. Both 'Maru' and 'Mada' are found in inscriptions;
could refer to Jodhpur and Jaisalmer states (modern Marwar). Marudhanva
is a term for desert and Marudha may, derive from it.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Marudha may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Mirdha.
34.
Ladak :
Fierce northern tribes who joined the army of Yudhisthir (VI.46.18).
35. Vats :
A prominent ancient people from modern Allahabad, mentioned in the
'geography' (VI. 10.39). They sided with Yudhisthir in the War (VI.50.51).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Vats may be identified with Jat Gotra - Vats
found in District Muzaffarnagar in Uttar Pradesh. This gotra originated
after an ancient kingdom of the same name.
36. Vrishnis :
The principal branch of the Yadava confederacy, which ruled in Anarta.
Krishna belonged to this tribe (Vrsninam Vasudevosmi, Gita, X.37).
Satyaki, an important leader, fought valiantly for the Pandavs.
They are mentioned in the tribute list as a northwestern people,
and numismatic evidence suggests a Vrishni settlement in northern
Punjab. It is likely that a branch of the Vrishnis and Kukurs migrated
from Dwarka after its downfall and settled in Punjab (VI.20.14).
37.
Shavar :
A southern tribe, they joined the Pandavs in the war (VI. 46.51).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Shavar may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Shiwar.
38. Hun :
A wild northwestern tribe (I. 165.35) which joined the army' of
Yudhisthir. Indian Huns came from the east of Lake Mansarovar in
Nari-Khorsam (VI .10.64)
Tribes listed on Kaurav :
Page 121
1.
Ang :
An ancient eastern tribe and one of the Mahajanapadas in the Bauddha
period, it constituted the core of the confederacy of five kingdoms
of Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, Suhma and Pundra. According to the Mbh.
and other sources, Anga comprised the present districts of Bhagalpur
and Monghyr. It was under the suzerainty of the Kuru king, and hence
Duryodhana could make Karna its ruler. Anga supported the Kauravs
in the Great War (VIII. 17.2).
2. Andhak :
A branch of the Yadava confederacy, headed by Krtavarma. They alone
sided with the Kauravs among the Yadavas (V.19.17) (VI.20.14).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Andhak may be identified with Jat Gotras
- Andar, Andhala, Andhi, Audhran, Odhran, Oka, Ond etc.
3. Andhra :
A very ancient tribe mentioned as Dasyus in the Aitareya Brahman
(VII.18), as the result of a curse by Vishwamitra. Linked with Pulind,
Khas, Nishad and other low peoples, they fought for Duryodhan (VIII.
51.17). The Mbh. (XII.200.40) describes them as natives of the south.
(VI.10.48)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Andhra may be identified with Jat Gotra - [[Taka]
or Takhar, Name of their tribe was Andhra.
According to Thakur Deshraj there was a great king in Andhra-vansh
named Hala around 69 AD. The descendants of Maharaj Hala came from
south to north and settled in uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The Jat
groups of these Kshatriyas were known as Hala.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Andhra may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Andar or Andara is Jat gotra same a Andhak.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Andhra may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Andhrana.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Andhra may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Vadiar.
4. Abhisar :
Mentioned in Rajatarangini, which locates their territory in the
hill states of Rajapuri (Rajauri). An infamous and barbarous tribe
in Mbh. (VII.68.42); their clans fought on both sides, but were
generally with the Kauravs. (VI.10.52)
5.
Ambasth :
A very ancient people, mentioned in Aitareya Brahmana (VIII.11).
Ptolemy refers to them as Ambastai; they settled on the lower Chenab
in Punjab and were important in the Kaurav army (II.48.14) Page
122.
6.
Avanti :
Joined the Kaurav army and hailed from western Malwa (capital Ujjain).
Linked with the Haihaya dynasty in Furanic genealogy.
7.
Ashvatak :
Sided with Duryodhan (Mbh. VI 47.15).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Ashvatak may be identified with nagavanshi Jat
Gotras - Ashwatar.
8. Ajaneya :
Part of the Gandhar king's army (VIII.4.96); fought for the Kurus.
Anjai is a place in Uttar Pradesh. It was the kingdom of Andhaka
or the Antal gotra Jats.
9. Abhir :
Ancestors of the modern Ahirs; were possibly confined to the Punjab
and Mathura regions in the epic period. Krishna was brought up in
an Abhir family. The Mbh. (II.29.9) states they lived in the western
desert where the Sarasvati dried up in Vinasan out of hatred for
them (IX.37.21f).Joined the Kauravs (VII.10.7).
10. Aratt :
A north-western tribe; part of the forces of Kritvarma (VII.165.69).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Aratt may be identified with Jat Gotra - Aratt,
Artat.
H. L. Kosare after Mahabharat informs that Aratts had their three
branches Takk, Vahik and Jartik. All the tree branches belong to
Jats.
11. Arevak :
Fought in the Kuru army (VI.47.7). Possibly from southern Baluchistan.
12.
Karnapravarna :
A Vindhya tribe defeated by Sahdev (II.28.44), they brought tribute
to Yudhisthir. Joined the Kaurav army (VI.47.13).
13. Kamboj :
An ancient tribe neighbouring Gandhar; in the forefront of Duryodhan's
army. Their king Sudakshin was one of the maharathis in the Great
Battle and died at the hands of Arjun (VII.67.67).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kamboj may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kamboj Kamboh who are descendants of rishi Kondilya. They are also
called Kamedia.
14. Kitav :
Brought tributes to Yudhisthir (II.47.10); joined the Kauravs in
the war (VI.18.12). Possibly an ancient Makran tribe as the gifts
they bore match the products of Makran. Their king Uluk (IX.I.1.25)
was the son of Shakuni (VI.68.5).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kitav may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kitawat who live in Jaipur district in Rajasthan. Page 123
15.
Kirat :
Hailed from the eastern Himalayas and played a crucial role in the
epic. Their ruler Bhagadatt was a powerful ally of Duryodhan and
brought a division of elephants to the Kauravs. (VI.20.13).
16. Kukur :
A very ancient northwestern tribe and branch of the Yadav confederacy.
Mentioned in (geography' (VI. 10.41) and the tribute list (II.48.14).
Supported Duryodhan in the war (VI. 47.7).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kukur may be identified with Jat Gotra - Khokhar
which is a derivative of Kukar. Khokhars are mentioned in Vayu Puran
and Visnu Puran as 'Kokaraks'.
17.
Kuntal :
There were two Kuntal countries, one in the north and another in
the south. The southern Kuntals fought with the Kauravs (VI.47.12)
(II.31.11).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kuntal may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kuntal.
18. Kulut :
Hailed from the modern Kulu- Kangra region and fought on the side
of the Kauravs (VI.10.52), (VII.8.45).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kulut may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kulawat or Kalwan.
19. Koshal :
A famous solar dynasty of the Ramayan era; played a minor role in
the Mbh. King Brahadval joined Duryodhan (VI.83.9), but some Koshals
joined the Pandav side (in VIII.8.19; 33.22).
20.
Kshudrak / Malava :
Both tribes (II.48.14) supported the Kauravs (VI.83.7).
21.
Khas :
A famous Himalayan tribe in Nepal and southwest Kashmir; sided with
the Kauravs. (II.48.3) (VI.10.66).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Khas may be identified with Jat Gotra - Khas,
Khash who live in Distt Sonipat in Haryana and Sikar district in
Rajasthan.
22. Gandhar :
A northern tribe (VII.200.40) and key allies of the Kauravs. Their
king Shakuni lived at the Kaurava court and guided their destinies.
Gandhara generally denotes Peshawar and Rawalpindi, though Persian
inscriptions reveal that it included Kabul (Afghanistan). (VI.10.52)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Gandhar may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Gandhar in Agra district in villages Bichpuri of Agra district.
Page 124
23.
Govasan :
Fought on the side of the Kauravs (VI.11.73), they also brought
tribute to Yudhisthira (II.47.5).
They
are from place Gavasen in district Betul in Madhya Pradesh.
24. Chichchhil (ra) :
In the Kuru army with Mekala and Traipura (VI.83.9) of the central
region.
They
are from place Chicholi in district Betul in Madhya Pradesh.
25. China :
A northwestern tribe (Darunamlecchajatayah VI .10.64); linked with
the Kirats in the army of Bhagadatt. Sided with the Kauravs in the
war (III.174.12) (VI .10.65).
The Mahabharat Tribe - China may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Chheena or China.
26. Chuchup (-ka) :
Figured in Duryodhan's army (VI. 47.16); a southern people.
27.
Tushar :
A northwestern tribe (XII. 65), sided with the Kauravs (VI.75,VIII.73).
(VI.10.66)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Tushar may be identified with Jat Gotras - Tushar,
Tukhar, Tusiar, Tusir, Tushir. This gotra originated from Tushar
janapad mentioned in Mahabharat. This place is now in Gilgit. There
was Tusharagiri mountain also.
28. Tundiker :
Sided with the Kauravs (VIII.4.47); from modern Tundikher in district
Narasinghpur in Madhya Pradesh.
29.
Trigart :
Dwelled between the Ravi and Sutlej; were major allies of the Kauravs.
(VI.47.7)
The
Mahabharat Book 2 : Sabha Parv locates them along with Dasarnas,
the Sivis, the Amvashtas, the Malavas, the five tribes of the Karnatas
around Rohtak in Haryana as under :(II.31.6)
The Trigarts were ancient tribes of Mahabharat period which gave
rise to many Jat clans, such as (1) Damal, Damara, Damas, Dhami,
Dhamora (2) Kundu, Kadwasra, Kandoli, Kondal, Kont, Konth(3) Dangi,
(4) Khanda, Khandaulia, Khandel, Khandia Khandaya, Khodiwal, (5)
Jali, (6) Brahman, Brahma, Brahmayan and (7) Janar, Janvar, Janak,
Janal, Janar, Janawa.
30. Darvik / Darv :
In 'geography' (VI.10.53); associated with Kashmir; fought with
the Kauravs (VII.66.42).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Tushar may be identified with Jat Gotras - Darv,
Darva, Darawar.
31. Dasam / Dasameya :
Kaurava
supporters (VIII.51.22) from Punjab.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Dasam / Dasameya may be identified with Jat Gotras
- Daseya who live in Nimach district in Madhya Pradesh.
32. Narayan :
A tribe of cowherds and professional warriors from Anarta, Kathiawar.
The Narayan army was the personal army of Sri Krishna who gave them
to Duryodhan after being chosen by Arjun (V.7.16). They are also
called Gopal (VII.66.38). It seems that other divisions of the Narayan
army joined the Pandavs (VIII. 4.59). Probably indicates Punjab,
as a region watered by five rivers; conquered by Nakul.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Narayan may be identified with Jat Gotra - Narain
originated from place name Narei surrounded by Capitalia. It is
one of the Jat clans as described by Megasthenes.
33. Panchanad :
Probably indicates Punjab, as a region watered by five rivers; conquered
by Nakul (II.29.10). Sided with the Kuru army (VI.52.5; VI.20.10).
Page 125
34.
Pahlav :
A north-western tribe, defeated by Nakul (II.29.15); joined the
Kaurav forces (VI.20.13).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Pahlav may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Pahlawat.
35. Panibhadrak :
A tribe in Duryodhan's army (VI.47.9), probably from the north Himalayas.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Panibhadrak may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Bhadu.
36. Parad / Paratak :
In the tribute list (II.48.12); came from the west of the Indus
near the ocean, and fought on the side of the Kauravs (VI.83.7).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Parad / Paratak may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Parodiya who live in Mandsaur district in Madhya Pradesh.
37. Pulind :
A Vindhya tribe which joined the Kuru army (VI.83.7).
38.
Prasthal :
A Trigart branch who fought in the Kuru army (VI.83.10); could have
come from the Punjab or Sind region.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Prasthal may be identified with Jat Gotra - Paras
who live in Maharashtra.
39. Bhoj :
Descendants of Yayati's son Druhyu (Mbh.I.80.26), they were closely
linked With the Yadavs in the epic. (VI.20.14) One branch headed
by Kritvarma sided with the Kauravs.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Bhoj may be identified with Jat Gotra - Bhoj
found in Nimach district in Madhya Pradesh.
40. Malav :
The name Malav occurs separately as well as in the form of Kshudrak-Malav;
they were a Punjab tribe according to the digvijay of Karna (III.241.67).
Nakul also defeated them (II.29.6). They joined the Kuru army and
protected Bhishm and Dron (VI.83.6-7). The Malav tribe is famous
for its resistance to Alexandar in the region between Ravi and Chenab.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Malav may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mall
or Malli.
41. Mahishmati :
Ruled by King Nila of the Haihaya dynasty and subdued by Karna (III.241.56)
and later by Sahadev (II.28.11). In the War, nila was on the Kaurav
side (V.19). The city is identified with modern Mandhat on an island
in the Narmada.
The
city of Mahishmati, Capital of King Nila,where the battle that took
place between king Nila and the mighty Sahadev. Nila is gotra of
Jats found in Tonk, Jaipur districts in Rajasthan. Page 126
42.
Mund :
Fought in the Kuru army (VI.52.9), and were a northwestern tribe
(III.48.21). Shalya Parv (IX.44.90)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mund may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mund.
Bhim Singh Dahiya writes that the Allahabad pillar inscription of
Samudragupt mentions about Mund clan.
43. Mekal :
They fought on the side of the Kauravs (VIII. 17.2, VI. 83-9; 47.13).
Mekal is the hill range in Gondwan from where the Narmada flows,
and has been identified with Amarkantak (VI.10.39).
44.
Lalittha :
Figure in the Kuru army (VIII.4.46); could be a Rajput tribe from
Azamgarh.
45.
Vang :
Probably from Bengal, they brought tributes to Yudhisthir (II.47.10).
The eastern Vangs were elephant fighters in the Kuru army (VIII.
17.2).
46.
Vanayu :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.54); they figured in the Kuru army
as special forces of the Gandhar king (VIII.4.96) and came from
the Wana valley in Pakistan.
47.
Vasatis :
Figure in the tribute list (II.48.14). They sided with the Kauravs
(VI.47.14, VI. 18.12) and came from the Mul pass in Baluchistan
or somewhere in Makran.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Vasatis may be identified with Jat Gotra - Basati.
48. Vatadhan :
An important Jat and Brahmin tribe, In geography (VI.10.45), they
sided with the Kauravs in the Great War (VI.52.4); hailed from Varan
near Kurukshetra (V.19.30) (II.29.7).
The Mahabharat Tribe - Vatadhan may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Vatdhan, Vattadhan, Batdhan, Batar found in Punjab and Rajasthan.
They are called Batar in Rajasthan.
49. Vikarn :
Fought in the army of Kauravs (VI. 47.15); also the name of a Kaurav
prince.
50.
Vikunj :
They were in the Kuru army (VI. 52.9).
51.
Venik :
Fought in the Kuru army (VI. 47.7).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Venik may be identified with Jat Gotra - Beniwal
Veniwal.
52. Shalva :
An
important tribe associated with Madras and Matsyas, spread over
western India from Yamuna to Sind. The Salva kingdom in the story
of Savitri was adjacent to Kuru-Panchal and lay between the Yamuna
and Sarasvati. They fought on the side of the Kauravs (VI. 18.13,
VI.20.12).
The
Salvas were a branch of the Madras and were ruling at Sialkot. We
know that the Madras were Vahiks and Jarts. Since according to grammatical
illustration of Chandra-gomin the Jarta defeated the Huns, which
means Skand Gupt defeated the Huns. Hence Jartas are Jats. Page
127
53.
Sura :
Fought in the Kuru army among the tribes of the northwest (VI.20.30);
considered identical with the Sur tribe of Afghanistan. (II.29.5),
(II.31.13). Mahabharat Bhisma Parv mentions about these people in
shlok numbers (VI.10.38) (II.48.12) (IX.44.109).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Sur may be identified with Jat Gotra - Shura.
54. Surasen :
An ancient people held in high esteem in the Mbh. (VIII.30.73);
their capital was in Mathura. They sided with the Kauravs in the
war (VI. 47.7, 57.7) (VI.10.38) (VIII.4.36).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Surasen may be identified with Jat Gotra - Shura
55. Samsthan :
Protected Bhishma in the Kaurav army (VI. 47.7).
56.
Simhal :
A tribe whose representatives served as bondsmen at Yudhisthira's
court (III. 48.20.); also the old name of Sri Lanka. They sided
with the Kauravs (VII. 19.7).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Simhal may be identified with Jat Gotra - Singhal
who live in Sikar district of Rajasthan and in Mehrauli district
of south Delhi.
57. Sindhu-Sauvir :
An ancient people of Sind (VIII.112.108, V. 72.14) who fought on
the Kaurav side. Their king Jayadratha was the son-in-law of Dhitrashtra
(VIII.4.11).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Sindhu may be identified with Jat Gotra - Sindhu
The Mahabharat Tribe - Sauvir may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Siwar
58. Surashtra :
A southwest tribe mentioned several times (VI. 10.47, II.28.39,
II.28.40); joined the Kaurava army (VI. 20.14).
59.
Hamsamarg :
Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.68); they joined the Kaurava army
(VII. 19.7).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Hamsamarg may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Hans or Hansawat.
Tribes With unclear Position in Kurukshetra War :
Tribes in 'Geography' and 'Tributes' /Whose Position is not Known/Did
not Join the War/Unknown Tribes
1.
Atavisavar :
Refers to the tribes of mid-Vindhya region, and may be identical
with the Atavika mentioned in the Purans and the Allahabad Pillar
Inscription of Samudragupt. Mentioned in geography of Mahabharat
(VI.10.46). The Mahabharat Tribe - Atavi may be identified with
Jat Gotra - Atval of Jats from Punjab. The Mahabharat Tribe - Shavar
may be identified with Jat Gotra - Senwar of Jats from Rajasthan.
Page 128
2.
Anupak :
Possibly the country of the Anupas in the Mahishmati region on the
western coast, though some scholars suggest district Nimar on the
banks of the Narmada. Mbh. mentions Arjun Kartavirya of the Haihaya
(Yadav) dynasty as Anupapati (III. 116. 19).
3.
Adhiraj :
A branch of the Matsyas; mentioned in the course of Sahdev's conquest
of the southern regions (II.28.2-3-4). Probably a dominion or tributary
neighbour of Matsya kingdom.
4.
Anupavrt :
Identity not certain.
5.
Antargirya :
Identity not certain.
6.
Aparaparyat :
Conquered by Nakul. Identification not certain.
7.
Aparavartak :
Identity not certain.
8.
Aparant :
Signifies frontier, identification not certain.
9.
Arbud :
Were vanquished by Sahdev (II.28.8). Also a famous mountain in the
Purans, now known as Mt. Abu. (IX.44.110)
Sabha Parv Mahabharat (II.47.26) mentions about Arbud.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Arbud may be identified with Jat Gotra - Avalak
who were Nagavanshi.
10. Agreya :
A janapad conquered by Karna (III. 241.67). Possibly in hisar region
or near Agra.
The
Mahabharat Tribes - Agreya may be identified with Jat Gotra - Agre.
11. Atrey :
A northwestern primitive tribe (VI.10.67), possibly located in Atari,
between Lahore and Amritsar. Were later initiated in the Brahmin
gotras of Atri and Bharadvaj.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Atrey may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Atri
12. Adidaya :
Identity
not certain.
13.
Adirashtra :
Possibly from the central or eastern regions.
14.
Anart :
Refers to the famous land of great Yadav royal families in modern
Gujarat and Kathiawar near the Rann of Kutch; ruled by many tribal
oligarchies. (V.7.4)
When Pandavs were exiled to the woods, by the Kauravs, the five
sons of Pandavs, born to Draupadi, were sent to Panchal, the kingdom
ruled by their maternal grandfather Drupad. They later wnet to the
Anart Kingdom, ruled by the Yadavs, so that they can stay with their
step brother and dear friend, Abhimanyu, and learn military science
from eminent Yadav warriors. (MBh. 3.182) After the expiry of the
thirteenth year, the five Pandavs took up their abode in one of
Virat’s towns called Upaplavya.
Arjun brought over Abhimanyu and Vasudev Krishna, and also many
people of the Dasarh race from the Anart country. (Mbh 4.72) Mahabharat
(MBh 5.83), it is mentioned that Pandav's mother Kunti also stayed
for some time in Anart, during the exile of the Pandavs. (V.7.4)
In geography the country of Anartas is mentioned with the Sakas,
the Nishadhs, the Nairits, the Dugals, the Pratimasys, the Kuntals,
and the Kusals. (VI.10.50)
Satyaki was a general in the Pandav, army. He was a chief of Anarts.
(9. 17). Kritvarman was a general in the Kaurav, army (9. 17). He
is described as the dweller of the Anart country, the son of Hridik,
the mighty car-warrior, the foremost one among the Satwats, the
chief of the Bhojs. Vivingsati, one among the 100 Kaurav brothers,
had slain hundreds of Anart warriors.
15. Amra :
Possibly a janapad in the Jaipur region.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Amra may be identified with Jat Gotra - Ameria
who live in Jaipur district in Rajasthan. [Page-129]
16.
Audumbar :
An important ancient tribe, mentioned in the tribute list (II.47.12).
Bauddha texts say they dwelled on the highway from Magadh to Kashmir
in east Kangra district. (II.48.12)
Audumbars
were a north Indian tribal nation east of the Punjab, in the Western
Himalaya region. They were the most important tribe of the Himachal
Pradesh, and lived in the lower hills between Sirmaur and Yamuna.
They issued coinage from the 1st century BCE, when they seemingly
gained independence from the Indo-Greeks. Their favorite deities
were Mahadev or Shiv, and also Kartikey, standing with a spear in
right hand. The silver coins of the Kuninds, the Vemaks and the
Audumbars closely follow the coins of Apollodotus II in their characteristics
(weight, size and material).
17. Avasir :
Could be Ayodhya region, defeated by Karna (III.241.44).
18.
Ekashan / Jyoh :
Brought tributes to Yudhisthir (II.48.3).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Jyoh may be identified with Jat Gotra - Johiy.
19. Udra (Odra) :
Modern Orissa, also known as Utkal and Kaling. (II.28.48)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Odra may be identified with Jat Gotra - Odhran.
20. Utkal :
Utkal was separate from Odra and Kaling (VI.10.39).
21.
Uttama :
Could be a Gond tribe in Mahadeo Hills. (VI.10.39)
22.
Uttarakurav :
Arjun reached Uttarakuru during his northern conquest (II.25.7).
(II.48.2) (II.48.6)
Dr V. S. Agrawal thinks that the Uttarakuru was located to north
of Pamirs in Central Asia and was also famous for its horses of
Tittirakalamash variety.
Thus it probably comprised parts of Kirgizstan and Tian-Shan. Bhishma
Parv of Mahabharat attests that the country of Uttarakuru lied to
the north of Mt Meru and to the south of Nila Parvat. The Mt Meru
of Hindu traditions is identified with the knot of Pamirs. Mountain
Nil may have been the Altai-Mt.
The Mahabharat refers to the Kichak bamboos growing on the banks
of river Shailod. (II.48.2) Mahabharat further attests that the
Kichak bamboo region was situated between Mountain Meru (Pamirs)
and Mountain Mandar (Alta Tag). The river valleys between these
two mountains are still overgrown with forests of Kichak Bamboos.
23. Utsavasanket :
Were defeated by Arjun (II.24.4) and Nakul (II.29.8). Possibly the
Kinnar tribes between Kangra and Rampur Bushar.
24.
Unntyak :
Mentioned among the southern-most tribes (VI.10.57), possibly Karnataka
region.
25.
Upavrt :
Possibly a tribe of the Saurashtra region.
26.
Uluk :
Were vanquished by Arjun (II.24.4). (V.157.2) (V.157.3) (V.157.16)
(IX.43.26) (XIII.127.6)
The Mahabharat Tribes - Uluk may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Aulakh.
Aulakh clan of Jats are descendants of Uluk. Mahabharat mentions
a country called Uluk. The Mahabharat mentions them as Uluk. As
per grammar rules the name Aulak, is derived from Uluk, the name
of the country. Perhaps the Iranian Uruk, Indian Urag was their
country.
27. Urag :
A northern tribe, possibly from Kashmir, vanquished by Arjun (II.24.18).
28.
Usinar :
An ancient tribe known from Rig Vedic times (X.59.1O), they hailed
from Kanakhal, south east of Madra. The Brahmanas list them as a
tribe of Madhyadesh. (XII.29.35) (XII.29.37) (XII.29.38)
There are many references to Usinars in the Epic poetry Mahabharat.
At several places, it refers to king Usinar and his son prince Sibi
or Sivi whose charity has been enormously glorified by sage Markandeya.
29. Ustrakarnik :
Were defeated by Sahdev in the south (II.28.48) and were probably
a Telugu tribe.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Ustrakarnik may be identified with present Utkanya
Jat Gotra living in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
30. Ekapad :
Mentioned in Sahdeva's conquest of the southern quarters (II.28.47).
Page 130
31.
Ekaprasth :
Mentioned in the 'geography' (VI.10.40); of them, Ekacharan has
been identified as a branch of Kiratas.
32.
Aupaka (Opa-) :
Mentioned in geography (VI. 10.67) and were possibly a northern
mountaineer tribe. Location uncertain.
33.
Kaksh / (Kacch) :
Both Kaksh and Kacch are mentioned twice in the 'geography' (VI.
10.47 and 55), and denote the dry grasslands of the Rann of Kutch,
being mentioned between Dvaipeya and Samudra niskut (people living
on the sea-shore). Occupied by cowherds, Gopalkaksh.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kacch may be identified with present Jat Gotra
- Kachh who live in Maharashtra.
34. Karanth :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.61); possibly northerners. The name
bears affinity with Kharot, a tribe of caravan traders between Central
Asia and lndia.
35.
Kara Bhanjak :
Appear in 'geography' (VI.10.68); a northern hill tribe.
36.
Karishak :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.54) with tribes inhabiting the northwestern
region; also a gotra name.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Karishak may be identified with present Jat Gotra
- 'Karig Kari. There was a republic called Karishak during Mahabharat
period, who lost it and moved here and there and were called Karig.
37. Karkakhand :
Mentioned In Karn's conquests (III.241.43) after Magadh, and before
Sravasti and Ayodhya; possibly a name for Koshal.
38.
Karkotak :
Mentioned by Karn as an impure people (VII.30.45); a southern tribe
probably occupying a Vindhya range. Karkotak has been mentioned
amongst the names of the nag kings who attended the Sabha of Yudhishthir.
(II.9.9), Mentioned in (VIII.30.45).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Karkotak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Katewa.
39. Karnat (Karahataka) :
The Mahabharat Book 2: Sabha Parva Section XXXI locates The Trigarts,
the Dasharns, the Sivis, the Amvashts, the Malavs, the five tribes
of the Karnats around Rohtak in Haryana in (II.31.6).
40. Kaling :
Lived south of the Vaitarani river (III.114.4), in the area between
Vaitarani and Vijagapattam in modern Orissa. Shalya Parv (IX.44.59)
Page 131
41.
Kalkal :
A Vindhya tribe listed in the 'geography' (VI.10.60).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kalkal may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kalkal
42.
Kak :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.63).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kaka may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kak
43. Kank :
Mentioned in the tribute list (II.47.26) as wearing horns, a practice
among some Iranian tribes of Central Asia. A Jat tribe living between
Beas and Sutlej in Punjab is as Kang; claims descent from solar
race of Ayodhya.
Jat Gotra Kang in Mahabharat, is mentioned as Kanks. (IX.44.69)
44. Karnik :
Listed in the 'geography' (VI.10.58).
45.
Karvat :
Possibly a Bengal tribe whose king was conquered by Bhim (II.27.22).
46.
Karaskar :
Served as tributaries in the palace of Yudhishthir (II.46.21). Mentioned
as people (VIII.30.45).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Karaskar may be identified with Jat Gotra - Karaskar
47. Kayavya :
A northwestern tribe in the tribute list (II.48.12).
48.
Karpasik :
Brought tributes to Yudhisthir (II.47.7); possibly hailed from the
Vidisha region in Central India.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Karpasik may be identified with Kapish which
is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Jat Gotras derived from
this place are - Kapahi, Kapai, Kapureya, Kapdia.
49.
Kalakut :
A mountain (II.23.14) conquered by Arjun. Mbh. mentions the inhabitants
of Kalakuta as a neighbouring tribe of Kuru land (II.20.26, V.19.30).
People
who came from the side of Kalakut mountain were known as Kaler -
Jat Gotra.
Kaliraman jats had won the Kalakut country also.
50. Kalatoyak :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.X. 45).
51.
Kalad :
Possibly a minor hill tribe in the Himalayas; mentioned in 'geography'
(VI.10.61).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Karaskar may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kandwal
who got this name from Kalad.
52.
Kalamukh :
A southern tribe (II.28.45); probably a Bhil tribe.
53.
Kashmir :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.52 and 66); were defeated by Arjun
(II.23.24). Did not join the war.
54.
Kichak :
Their realms lay on the route to Ekacakra from Varnavat. The Pandavs
travelled through Matsya, Trigart and Panchal lands and entered
Kichak land (I.144.2). They were soldiers of the Matsya king, and
their ruler was killed by Bhim. They seem not to have joined the
war.
Village
Katrathal, an ancient historical village of Sikar district in Rajasthan,
is believed to be associated with Kichak.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kichak may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Khichad. Page 132
55.
Kuttaparant :
Possibly a Saurashtra tribe; mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.41).
56.
Kunat :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI. 10.50).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kunat may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kunt
who live in Jaipur district in Rajasthan and Kont who live in Uttar
Pradesh.
57. Kundaman :
Figure in the tribute list (II.48.13)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kundaman may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kund
+ Maan
58. Kumar :
Possibly a version of Vats, their king Shrenimat was defeated by
Bhim during his march from Chedi to Koshal (II.27.1).
59.
Kurak (-ta) :
Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.61); hailed from south Kanar region
known as Vidyadhar in the Jain tradition.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kurak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kurak
who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
60. Kulak :
Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.61).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kulak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kurak
Kulak, Kulaki is a gotra of Jats. They are descendants of ancestor
Kulik of Nagvanshi.
61. Kuronth :
Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.61); probably lived in the border region
to the northwest of Garhwal and east of Kulu valley.
62.
Kuru :
Key people in the epic, occupying Delhi and the adjoining portion
of gangetic basin.
63.
Kukkut (Kulat) :
Figure as a foreign (Malech) tribe of the northwest.
64.
Kusal (-lyah) :
Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.50).
65.
Kushvindu :
Could belong to the southwest (VI.10.54).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kushvindu may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kush or Kuswan
66. Krimi :
A once important tribe in east Punjab.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Krimi may be identified with Jat Gotra - Karmi
or Kiram.
67. Keval :
Maybe a corrupt form of Kerala. (II.28.47)
68.
Kaisik :
A branch of the Yadavs.
69.
Kokanad :
A northern tribe (II.24.17). (IX.44.55)
The
Mahabharat Tribe- Kokanad may ve identified wth Kok Jat Gotra
70. Kaukuttak :
Possibly a Nilgiri tribe (VI.10.58).
71.
Konkan :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.58), a southern tribe, which did
not fight in the war.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Konkan may be identified with Jat Gotra - Konkan.
Page 133
72.
Kopan :
A fierce southern tribe (VI.10.59).
73.
Kekarak :
(VI.10.60).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kekarak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kekeraul,
Kakraul. Their earlier name was Kukar and they were rulers in Malwa.
74. Kolla-giri :
A central Indian tribe vanquished by Sahdev (II.28.45).
75.
Kausij (-ka) :
Identity
not certain.
76.
Krath :
Shalya Parv (IX.44.65), Sabha Parv (II.27.7)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Krath may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kaithoria
or Kaith who are considered descendants of Maharaj Krath of Kuruvansh.
77. Krivi :
Identity not certain.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Krivi may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kharb
Krivi is also a Rigvedic Tribe: (RV VIII/20/24; VIII/22/12). These
people are mentioned as Kravya in Sat.Br. (Xlll/5/4.7). They are
to be identified with the Kharab clan of the Jats. They are also
to be identified with the Khalabes of West Asian history, who gave
their name to Chalybes on the mouth of Euphrates river.
78. Gaya :
Inhabitants of modern Gaya, brought tribute for Yudhisthir (II.48.15).
79.
Gargya :
Were defeated by Krishna (VII.11).
80.
Giri-gahvar :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.66); lived in the Hindukush caves.
81.
Guh :
A southern tribe (XII.200.39).
82.
Goparastra :
Figure in the 'geography' (VI.10.42); possibly hailed from ancient
Nasik.
83.
Gopalkacch :
In 'geography' (VI.10.55); conquered by Bhima (II.27.3). Lay between
Koshal and north Koshal, indicating modern Gopalpur in Gorakhpur
district, between Ayodhya and Kushinagar.
84.
Govind :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.42). Probably a central Indian tribe from
the Kaimur range.
85.
Goshring :
A hill conquered by Sahdev in the south (II.28.5); could be located
near Ujjain; visited by the Chinese traveller Xuan Zang (Hieun Tsang).
86.
Charmakhandik :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.46) as a northwestern tribe.
87.
Chitrak :
Waited upon Yudhisthir with tribute (II. 46.21).
88.
Jathar :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.41). Shalya Parv (IX.44.57) (IX.44.80)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Jathar may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Jathar.
89. Jartik :
Jartik is one of The Mahabharat Tribes, living in ancient time in
the vicinity of Sakal and who are mentioned in the Karna Parv of
the Mahabharat. (VIII.30.14)
K R Qanungo mentions incidence from Mahabharat that there is a town
named Sakal and river named Apag where section of the Bahiks, known
as the Jartikas, dwell.
The Mahabharat Tribe - Jartik may be identified with Jat Page 134
90.
Jagud :
Probably from the region south of Ghazni and north of Kandhar (III.48.21).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Jagud may be identified with Jat Gotra - Jagund
who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
91. Jangal :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.l0.37); refers to peoples from the forest
southwest of Kurukshetra. (V.53.7)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Jangal may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Jangu, Janghal, Jangal.
92. Uttarjyoti :
Defeated by Nakul in west (II.29.10); location uncertain.
93.
Jyoh :
In the tribute list (II.48.3); could belong to the Tibet region.
Jyoh
may be identified with Johiy, Johil, Jot gotra. They are originally
Yaudheya jats. Their area was Churu division. The area on the banks
of Sutlej river upto Bahavalpur in Pakistan was Johiyawar.
94. Tamar :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.68); hail from the region between India and
Tibet. (IX.44.105)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Tamar may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Tomar
95. Tamrdvip :
A southern people vanquished by Sahdev (II.28.45).
96.
Taratoya :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.l0.51), probably a minor tribe connected
with seafare.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Taratoya may be identified with Jat Gotra - Talautia.
97. Tarkshya :
Figure in the tribute list (II.48.14).
98.
Talakat :
Cr. Ed. (II.28.43), could be from Bijapur in Mysore.
99.
Talajangh :
Once a major branch of the Haihaya dynasty, they had little importance
by the time of the epic (V.72.13).
100.
Talavan :
A southern tribe subdued by Sahdeva (II.28.48).
101.
Timingil :
A southern coastal tribe subdued by Sahdev (II.28.46).
102.
Tilak :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.l0.51), possibly from Hoshiarpur, Punjab.
103.
Tiragrah :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.51).
104.
Tripura :
A city near Vats (III.241.47). Tripura (meaning three cities, in
Sanskrit) was constructed by the great Sur architect Mayasur. They
were great cities of prosperity, power and dominance over the world,
but due to their impious nature, Maya's cities were destroyed by
Lord Shiv.
105.
Tryang :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.l0.60); possibly modern Telangana region.
106.
Tryash :
In tribute list (II.47.15). Page 135
107.
Dasaparsv :
A northwestern people listed in 'geography' (VI.10.54).
108.
Dasamalik :
A northern tribe, possibly Rohitas of Afghanistan (VI.10.65 and
II.24.16).
109.
Dasar :
The Yadav clan of Krishna (III.19.120).
110.
Diptaksh :
(V.72.15).
111.
Dirghavenav :
A Central Asian tribe mentioned in the tribute list (II.48.3).
112.
Dugul :
Figure in the 'geography' (VI.10.50).
Dugul
may be identified with Dagolya Jat Gotra.
113. Dwadashaksh :
Brought tributes to Yudhisthir. (IX.44.54)
114.
Dvarapal :
A northwestern region, mentioned In Nakula's conquests (II.29.10).
115.
Dvalpeya :
Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.47), identified with the tiny island
of Diu.
116.
Nandiveg :
(V.72.17).
117.
Navarastra :
Defeated by Sahdev (II.28.6).
118.
Nalakalak :
Figure in the 'geography' (VI.10.58).
119.
Nisadh :
In 'geography' (VI.10.50), this was the kingdom of the famous King
Nal of the Yadav race. The tiny realm lay at the western end of
the Satpur ranges.
120.
Nip :
An historical people whose king janamejaya caused the ruin of his
own tribe (V.72.13); were bondsmen in Yudhisthir's palace (II.46.21).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Nip may be identified as Nep Jat clan.
121.
Naimish :
People of Naimisharanaya (modern Nimsar) in Sitapur (UP) who were
called the "knowers of true religion" (VIII.30.60).
122.
Nairrt :
Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.50); probably came from the southwest.
Nairrt
may be identified with Jat Gotra - Nehra.
123.
Panchakarpat :
Subdued by Nakul in the west (II.29.6), and probably hailed from
a small settlement of five unknown tribes in Punjab. Pages- 136
124.
Panitak :
Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.42).
125.
Pattan :
Probably a Vindhya tribe, the city was defeated by Karna in his
digvijaya (III.241.47).
126.
Pattibhanjak :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.62); identification uncertain.
127.
Parantangan :
Meaning other Tangan, In the tribute list (II.48.3); probably a
northwestern tribe. (VI.9.63)
128.
Pasu :
In the tribute list (II.48.3); probably a northwestern tribe.
129.
Parasik :
Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.51); probably people of Persia
or southern Iran.
Parasik
may be identified with Jat Gotra - Paraswal
130. Parasik :
Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.51); probably people of Persia or southern
Iran.
131.
Pichchhand :
A southern janapad subdued by Sahdev (II.28.47).
132.
Paurak :
A northwestern tribe in the tribute list (II.48.13), identified
with a Kabuli tribe of Afghanistan.
Paurak
may be identified with Jat Gotra - Paur
133. Prakustak :
In 'geography' (VI.10.51); possibly came from the Afghan-Pakistan
border near Peshawar.
134.
Pratimatsya :
'geography' (VI.6.50); were neighbours of Matsya.
135.
Pradar :
In the tribute list (II.48.37).
136.
Prabhadrak :
A Panchala tribe (VI.52.14).
137.
Pramud :
In 'geography' with Kiratas; probably lived in the Yamuna region.
138.
Prachya :
A tribe near Kerala in 'geography' (VI.10.57); skilled in fighting
on elephanttback.
139.
Paravrsheya :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.49); possibly the region of Sahya (mountains)
in the Western Ghats. Page 137
140.
Parahut :
In 'geography' (VI.10.45).
141.
Parosth :
A central Indian tribe (VI.10.60).
142.
Barbar :
A northern Himalayan tribe (uttarajtha janmarah, XII. 200.39-40),
(II.29.15).
Babbar
Jat Gotra found in Punjab when Sanskritised is Barbar.
143. Balirastra :
In 'geography' (VI.10.43), a variant of Malla; a janapada in the
Vidarbh region.
144.
Balih :
(V.72.14).
145.
Bahurvadya :
In 'geography' (VI.10.53).
146.
Bahlik :
An ancient people known from the time of Atharv Ved and Satapath
Brahman; closely connected with the Kurus of Mbh. Scholars
identify them with the Bactrians of Balkh.
147.
Bodh :
In 'geography;' a Yadava branch who fled westwards out of fear of
Jarasandha (II.13.25).
Badhwar
or Bodh Jat Gotra may be identified with Bodh.
148. Bharg :
In 'geography' (VL1 0.49); dwelled close to the Vats as and Nisadhas
in Bhima's conquest (II.27.10).
149.
Bhadrakar (Madra) :
Rank among the eighteen tribes of Bhojas who fled out of fear of
Jarasandh (II.13.25); were part of the Salv confederacy.
150.
Bhardwaj :
Probably a Garhwal tribe, listed in 'geography' (VI.10.67).
Bhardwaj
Jat Gotra may be identified with The Mahabharat Tribes - Bhardwaj.
151.
Bhargav :
In 'geography (VI.10.49), could be from the western Ghats.
152.
Bhuling :
Identity not certain.
153.
Madavirak :
Figure in the description of countries vanquished by Bhim (II.27.9).
May
be Mada + Virak tribes.
154. Madra :
A Vedic people of high status. At the time of the epic, their king
was Bahlik, and probably hailed from a tribe that migrated from
Iran or Bactria and settled in Punjab. (II.29.13)
The Mahabharat Tribes - Madra has may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Madern or Madrayan. Page 138
155.
Madhumant :
Listed in 'geography' (VI. 1 0.51), they came from Afghanistan.
156.
Madhyamikey :
Probably indicates a place called Nagri near Chittor. Its ancient
name was Madhyamik nagari. (II. 48.13)
The Shivis or Sibi Jats ruled this area. The classical writers locate
Shivis (Siboi) at the confluence of Beas and Chenab. Later they
migrated to Rajasthan in the area of Madhyamik near Chittor from
their coins bearing the legend Shibi janapads have been found. The
Shivis tribe is known by several variants-Shiv in the Rigved as
one of the tribes defeated by the Bharat king Sudas;
Sivi in the Aitreya Brahman (VIII.23.10), Mahabharat (II.48.13),
Sibi in Mahabharat (II. 48.13) Sibi in Mahabhashya on Panini (IV.2.52)
where as Shaiba or Shaibayah as vishaya has been mentioned.
Classical writers call them Siboi (Diodous 3, XVIII, 96; Strabo
XV,1; Curtius IX,41)[59]There are ruins of an ancient town called
'Tamva-vati nagari' 11 miles north of Chittor. Ancient coins of
Shivi people are found near this town bearing 'Majhamikaya Shivjanpads',
which means coins of 'Shiv janapad of Madhyamik'. The 'Tamvavati
nagari' was called as 'Madhyamik nagari'. These coins are of the
period first to second century BCE.
157. Mandak :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.42); a tribe of cowherds from central
India.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mandak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mand.
158. Murachipattan :
Subdued by Sahdev in the south (II.28.45); identified with Muchuri,
a famous port near Calicut.
159.
Malad :
In 'geography' (VI.10.48); was defeated by Bhimasena in the east
(II.27.8); probably people from central India.
160.
Mall :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.45) and in Bhima's conquest after
northern Koshal (II.27.3) The Mall resided in district Deoria (UP)
and had their metropolis at Kushinagar and Pav, sacred sites of
the Bauddhs and the Jains.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mall may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mahl
/ Mall.
161. Mahishakarshik :
Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.45). Probably hailed from the region
near the ancient city of Mahishmati.
162.
Mahechchh :
A janapada conquered by Nakul in the west, near the desert (II.29.6);
could indicate the Maheya region of Ahmadabad where the river Mahi
flows.
Could
be Meham town in Rohtak district in Haryana, as it is close to Sirsa
town in Haryana.
163. Maradh :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.65).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Maradh may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mirdh
found in Jodhpur region of Rajasthan.
164. Manavarjak :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.48); could refer to the Purulia and Dhanabad
regions.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Manavarjak may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Maan + Bardak
165. Malak :
In 'geography' (VI.10.61); a central Indian tribe.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Malak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Malik
166. Malavanak :
In 'geography' (VI.10.58); scholars place them between Broach and
Kutch (approx. modern Ahmedabad). Page 139
167.
Mavellak :
Mentioned among groups slain by Arjun (VIII.4.47).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mavellak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Maval
168. Mahishak :
In 'geography (VI.10.57);' identified with the people of Mysore.
(IX.44.77)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mahishak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Bains.
169. Mudgal :
Defeated by Krishna (VII.11.39), they are a Brahmin clan descended
from the Paurav dynasty'.
170.
Mushak :
Listed in 'geography' as a southern people (VI.10.57). The Musaka
janapad is identified with the region near modern Hyderabad, on
the bank of river Musi, a tributary of the Krishna. The tribe is
regarded as a branch of a northern tribe documented by Alexander's
historians as Musicanur, who were settled in Sind.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mushak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mushasel
gotra Jats living in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
171. Mok / (Mau-kah) :
Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.38); could be a Kshatriya tribe from
Kutch or Mewar regions.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mok may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mog
172. Mohan (Modan) :
Mentioned in Karna digvijay (III. 241.47).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Modan may be identified with Jat Gotra - Modan
who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
173. Modapur :
A tribal city subdued by Arjun in the Himalayas (II. 24.10).
174.
Moda-giri :
Defeated by Bhim (II. 27.19); probably modern Monghyr.
175.
Mauleya :
Paid tribute to Yudhisthir (II. 48.14); dwelled on the banks of
the Mul river in Baluchistan.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mauleya may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mola
who live in Nimach, Mandsaur districts in Madhya Pradesh.
176. Yakrillom :
Mentioned in Virat Parv (IV.5.4) in Matsya Kingdom. Hail from a
region between dasharna in the south and Panchala in the north,
near Surasena, through which Pandavs passed to the country of Matsya.
Also in 'geography' (VI. 10.44).
177.
Yavan :
Mentioned frequently as peoples of the northwest, and said to be
descendants of Yayati's son Turvasu (I. 80.26).
Page 140
178.
Yugandhar :
Figure in 'geography'. (VII.15.30-31-32)
179. Yaudheya :
A prominent and ancient people; mentioned in the tribute list (II.48.13).
yaudheya coins and a mint site have been found near Rohtak. Cunningham
identified them with Johi Kshatriyas from Johibar near Multan.
They
are identified with the Jats clan Joiyas or Johiya of Bahawalpur
and Multan Divisions (Pakistan) and Bikaner, Rajasthan (India).
Yaudheyas were the rulers of South-Eastern Punjab and Rajasthan.
Even today these areas are inhabited by the Johiyas.
180. Ramath :
Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.65) and in the Nakul digvijay (II.
29.11).
181.
Rathorag :
A northwest frontier tribe. (VI.10.53)
182.
Rasyakagan :
A vagrant tribe in the southwest.
183. Rajanya :
In the tribute list (II. 48.13); probably from Hoshiarpur region.
184.
Rajika :
Identity not certain.
185.
Ramak :
The people of the Ramak mountain who were subdued by Sahdev (II.
28.46) in the south.
186.
Roma :
A Roman city mentioned in Sahdev's conquest.
187.
Romak / Roman :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.54); probably a variant of Vahuk (Cr. Ed.
II. 47.15).
188.
Rohitak :
Listed in Karna digvijay (III. 241.67); people of modern Rohtak
in Haryana, the capital of Yaudheyas; it was subdued by Nakul (II.
29.4).
189.
Rshik :
An important Central Asian people of Chinese origin, conquered by
Arjun (II. 24.24).
190.
Lampak :
A variant of Loha (II. 24.23); a northern people.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Lampaka may be identified with Jat Gotra - Lamba
Ashok's inscriptions chiseled on rocks and stone pillars located
at strategic locations throughout his empire such as Lampak (Laghman
in modern Afghanistan), Mahastan (in modern Bangladesh), and Brahmagiri
(in Karnataka) constitute the second set of datable historical records.
191. Lalataksh :
A northwestern tribe (II.47.15).
192.
Langal :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.l0.55).
193.
Lata :
Mentioned in Anusasan Parv (XIII. 34.17); hailed from. southern
Gujarat. Page-141
194.
Loh :
Vanquished by Arjun (II.24.24); possibly Kashmir or an Afghan region.
Loh
is a village in Ratangarh tehsil of Churu ditrict in Rajasthan.
195. Lohit :
Subdued by Arjun after Kashmir (II 24.16); could indicate modern
Leh.
Lohit
was a Nagavanshi mahapurush (II.9.8).
Jat Gotras originated from Lohit - Lohamsher, Lohmarod, Loat, Lohit,
Loa.
196. Lohajangh :
Bondsmen at Yudhisthir's court (II.46.21); hailed from Logar valley,
south of Kabul.
197.
Vakra / Vakrabhaya :
A fierce tribe listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.43).
198.
Vadhra :
Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.54).
199.
Vanavasin :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.57); hail from north Kanar.
200.
Aparavartak :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.61).
201.
Varmak :
A warrior clan, figures in Bhim's conquest of eastern countries
(II.27.12).
202.
Vastrap :
Figure in the tribute list (II.48.14) and probably came from the
Girnar region in Junagarh.
203.
Vanarasya :
Listed in the 'geography' (VI. 10.43).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Vanarasya may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Vanar
204. Vatajam :
In 'geography' (VI.10.53); came from the northwest frontier.
205.
Vahik :
In 'geography' (VI.9.45), A northwestern janapad (VIII.30.27); indicates
the whole of Punjab.
Bahik,
Bahika, Vahik, Vahika, Valhika is used for the Jats of Punjab.
206. Vikalp :
Figure in the 'geography' (VI. 10.57).
207.
Vijay :
Listed in 'geography' (VI. 1 0.44).
208.
Vidarbh :
A famous ancient people of modern Berar, a branch of Yadavs. Their
king Rukmi was the only ruler who could not join the Mbh. war, as
neither the Kauravs nor the Pandavs wanted his help. His kingdom
probably comprised only a portion of Vidarbh country, as the Vidarbh
tribe figures on the Kaurav side (VI. 47.13 ). Page 142
209.
Videha :
An ancient people of Mithila or Janakpore in Nepal. The Videha dynasty
was a branch of the Ikshwakus whose main branch flourished in Koshala.
Were not real participants in the Mbh. war, though their name figures
in the narration of the Kuru army (VI.112.108) and Pandava army
(VIII.3.18). Bhima conquered their country (11.26.4).
210.
Vindhyap / ulak :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.60); indicates all tribes in the southern
Vindhya-Satpur range.
211.
Virak :
Mentioned as a sinful people (VIII.30.45).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Virak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Virk,
Wirk, Birk.
212. Vrik :
A prominent nortwest tribe which lived by the profession of arms.
Vrkasthal was one of the five villages demanded by Pandavs (V. 31.19)
and lay on Krishna's route from Upaplavya to Hastinapur (V. 82.20).
(Vrika+Udar)
(IX.44.100)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Vrik may be identified with Jat Gotra - Vrik,
Varik
213. Vrndatak :
A western tribe subdued by Nakul (II. 29.10).
214. Vaiyamak :
Figure in the tribute list (II. 48.12) and identified with Aimaks
of central Afghanistan.
215.
Vairam :
Figure in the tribute list as dwellers of wastelands near the mouth
of the Indus (II.47.10).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Vairam may be identified with Jat Gotra - Vaire
216. Shak :
A northwestern tribe. (VI.20.13), (VI.10.50)
217.
Sakal :
The capital of the Madra tribe, identified with modern Sialkot.
But Sakaldvip is mentioned in Arun's conquest of the north, the
vicinity of the Himalayas (II. 23.15) and could indicate a group
of tiny free hill states around Shimla. Page 143
218.
Sarmak :
An eastern tribe vanquished by Bhim (II.24.12).
219.
Shanavatya :
In the tribute list (II.48.15); identified with modern Santhals.
220.
Shivis :
An ancient Punjab people vanquished by Nakul in the west (II. 29.6).
221.
Shirisak :
Listed in Nakul's conquest of the west (II.29.6); identified as
modern Sirsa in Hissar, Haryana.
222.
Sundak :
Listed in Karna digvijay (III.241.42).
223.
Shukar :
A rare ethnic name in the tribute list (II. 48.24); presented hundreds
of elephants to Yudhisthir.
224.
Sudra :
An ancient tribe from the region of Aparanta in 'geography' (VI.
10.46). Nakula vanquished them near the Sarasvati (II. 29.9).
225.
Surparak :
Refers to the people of modern Sopor, listed in Sahdev's conquest
of the southern region (II.28.43).
226. Saundik :
In the tribute list (II.48.15). Saundik means a dealer in wine and
the modern Sunri caste of Bihar and UP claim decent from ancient
Saundiks. Sondhi, a Khatri sub-caste in Punjab, is also identified
with them.
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Saundik may be identified with Jat Gotra - Sund
227. Shand :
Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.42).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Shand may be identified with Jat Gotra - Sund
228. Sakshaddruh :
Listed in 'geography' as a northwest tribe (VI. 10.64).
229.
Para Samcarak :
Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.60); possibly a nomadic tribe
from central India.
230.
Sanjayanti :
A city-state of wild tribes defeated by Sahdev in the south (II.28.11);
linked with the old village of Sanjan or Sanjay in Thana, Bombay.
Page 144
231.
Samang :
Listed in 'geography'.
232.
Satiya :
A southern tribe (VI. 10.62).
233.
Sarvasenaya :
A Salv branch; listed in the 'geography' (VI. 10 59).
234.
Sairindhr :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.56).
235.
Sahyottar :
Probably the people of Khandesh.
236.
Satvat :
An ethnic name of the great Yadava confederacy in Anart. Satvat
was a great King whose sons established at least four distinct lineages
of Kshatriyas, viz. Bhoj, Andhak, Kukur and Vrishni.
237.
Savitriputrak :
A Salva branch defeated in battle by Arjun (VIII.4.47) in the northwest;
known as the hundred sons of Savitri and Satyavan (III.279.15).
238.
Simhapur :
A northwest settlement subdued by Arjun (II. 24.19).
239.
Siddh :
A Himalayan people in 'geography' (VI. 10.55); also known as celestial
ascetics. Shalya Parv (IX.44.59)
240. Siral :
Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.62).
241.
Sukatya :
In 'geography' (VI. 10.38); one of the tribes who fled westwards
in fear of Jarasandh.
242.
Sudaman :
A northwest janapada in geography (VI.10.53)
243.
Sudesn :
Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.45).
244.
Sundaraveg :
A name of a family or clan (V.72.15).
245.
Suparsv :
Bhim subdued king Krath in Suparshva, between Kashi and Matsya (II.27.7);
probably a Yadav settlement in Berar.
246.
Sumallik :
Listed in 'geography' with other northhwestern peoples (VI. 10.53);
could be the inhabitants of Mulla pass. Page 145
247.
Susthara :
They rank among the tribes who fled westward after being defeated
by Jarasandh (II.13.25).
248.
Suhma :
One of the five Anav tribes of the east, mentioned in connection
with digvijays (of Pandu I. 105; Arjun II 24.20). The country is
identified with Radha in Bengal.
249.
Srnjay / Somak :
They were two main branches of Panchalas who joined the Pandavs;
their leader was Dhrstadyumn (I. 185.1).
250.
Sek / Aparasek :
Defeated by Sahdev (II. 28.8) in the south; possibly from the region
between the Chambal and Narmada rivers.
251.
Saindhav :
Amongst the tribes of the extreme northwest (III. 48.21, VIII. 4.96).
252.
Shauval :
In 'geography' among northwest tribes (VI. 10.52).
253.
Sopadesh :
Conquered by Bhim (II. 27.9).
254. Saubdhid :
Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.58).
255.
Saudh :
Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.40); could indicate Saudh, capital
of the Salvas.
256.
Saubalya :
Mentioned in 'geography' (VI. 10.38).
257.
Stanap :
A wild northern tribe (VI. 10.62).
258.
Satrirajya :
Mentioned in the list of tribes whom Sanjaya saw in the court of
Yudhisthir, in Rajsuya (III. 48.21); probably a trans-Himalayan
kingdom.
259.
Hamsakayan :
Figure as northwestern peoples in the tribute list (II. 48.13);
identified with modern Hunza and Nagar in the extreme northwest
of Kashmir.
260. Harivars :
The last spot in the north which Arjun could reach in his digvijays
(II. 25.7), after which lay the utopian land of Uttarakurus. Page
146
261.
Hatak :
Gandharv territory near Kailash mountain and Manasa lake, subdued
by Arjun on his way back from the conquest of northern countries
(II. 25.3).
262.
Harahun :
Figure in Nakul's conquest of western quarters (II. 29.11) and in
the tribute list (II.47.19; III. 48.21); could be tribes from the
banks of Aragandav river in southhwest Afghanistan, known as Harahvaiti
in old Iranian languages, though the name suggests a link with Huns.
263.
Haimavat :
Himalayan people in the tribute list (II. 47.19).
264.
Haihaya :
An ancient people famous in the time of Arjun Kartavirya, who once
occupied the whole of central and northern India barring a few parts
in the east. They occupied the Chamba basin. (XIII.31.7-8).
Non-Martial
Tribes :
Not all the tribes that fought in the Great War enjoyed wild and
barbarous reputations. Some appear to have been pastoral communities,
such as the Abhira, Narayana and Gopala. Indeed, a goparastra (kingdom
of cowherds) is mentioned in the 'geography' (VI. 10.42), and possibly
indicated the region of ancient Nasik. Though these tribes were
wholly engaged in cattle rearing, they took up arms in moments of
war and served as hired soldiers to various rulers.
The
Abhiras probably hailed from the Punjab and Mathura regions; Krishna
was raised in an Abhira family. The Narayanas, also known as Gopalas,
came from Kathiawar and were both cowherds and professional warriors.
The Narayana army was the
Page
147
personal
army of Sri Krishna, who gave them to Duryodhana after being chosen
by Arjuna (V.7.16) to side with the Pandavs in the Great War. While
Krishna joined the war as the personal charioteer of Arjuna, the
epic suggests that some divisions of the Narayana army nonetheless
fought under the Pandavs (VIII.4.59).
Notes
:
The above English text used for study and research is mainly based
on the book Adideo Arya Devat, A Panoramic view of Tribal-Hindu
Cultural Interface by Sandhya Jain Published in 2004 by Rupa &
Co, 7/16, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi, who has based almost
wholly on K.c. Mishra's exhaustive study Tribes in the Mahabharat.
A Socio-Cultural Study, National Publishing House, Delhi, 1987.
Only the English text about each tribe before the sanskrit text
is from above author. The sanskrit text has been compiled from Mahabharat
Index Online - The Mahabharat of Krishna-Dwaipayan Vyas, translated
by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, published between 1883 and 1896.
In each tribe entry, after the sanskrit text, identification with
Jat Gotras has been done from Clan histories on Jatland Wiki.
Above
list in alphabetical order :
• Abhir (p.122), II.29.9 • Abhisar (p.121), VI.10.52
• Adhiraj (p.128), II.28.3 • Adidaya (p.128), 0 •
Agreya (p.128), 0 • Ajaneya (p.122), VIII.4.96 • Ambasth
(p.121), II.48.14 • Amra (p.128), 0 • Anart (p.128),
V.7.4 • Andhak (p.121), VI.20.14 • Andhra (p.121), VI.10.48
• Ang (p.121), VIII. 17.2 • Antargirya (p.128), 0 •
Anupak (p.128), III. 116. 19 • Anupavrt (p.128), 0 •
Aparant (p.128), 0 • Aparaparyat (p.128), 0 • Aparasek
(p.145), 0 • Aparavartak (p.128), 0 • Aparavartak (p.141),
VI.10.61 • Aratt (p.122), VII.165.69 • Arbuk (p.128),
0 • Arevak (p.122), VI.47.7 • Asmak (p.116), VII. 61.39
• Asvatak (p.122), VI 47.15 • Atavisavar (p.127), 0
• Atreya (p.128), VI.10.67 • Audumbar (p.129), II.48.12
• Aupak (p.130), VI. 10.67 • Avanti (p.122), 0 •
Avasir (p.129), 0 • Babbar (p.137), 0 • Bahlik (p.137),
0 • Bahurvadya (p.137), VI.10.53 • Balih (p.137), V.72.14
• Balirastra (p.137), VI.10.43 • Barbar (p.137), XII.200.40
• Bhadra (p.119), VI.47.9 • Bhadrakar (p.137), II.13.25
• Bhardwaj (p.137), VI.10.67 • Bharg (p.137), II.27.10
• Bhargav (p.137), VI.10.49 • Bhoj (p.125), VI.20.14
• Bodh (p.137), II.13.25 • Charmakhandik (p.133), VI.10.46
• Chedi (p.117), VI.10.39 • Chichchhila (p.124), VI.83.9
• China (p.124), VI .10.65 • Chitrak (p.133), II. 46.21
• Chola (p.117), VI.46.50 • Chuchup (p.124), VI. 47.16
• Dandak (p.118), II.28.43 • Darv (p.124), VI.10.53
• Darvik (p.124), VI.10.53 • Dasam (p.124), 0 •
Dasamalik (p.135), VI.10.65 • Dasameya (p.124), 0 •
Dasaparsv (p.135), VI.10.54 • Dasar (p.135), 0 • Dasharn
(p.118), VI.10.39 • Dasherak (p.118), VI.112.108 • Diptaksh
(p.135), V.72.15 • Dirghavenav (p.135), II.48.3 • Dravid
(p.118), VI.10.57 • Dugul (p.135), VI.10.50 • Dvalpeya
(p.135), 0 • Dvarapal (p.135), II.29.10 • Dwadashaksh
(p.135), IX.44.54 • Ekapad (p.129), II.28.47 • Ekaprasth
(p.130), VI.10.40 • Ekasan (p.129), II.48.3 • Gandhar
(p.123), VI.10.52 • Gargya (p.133), 0 • Gaya (p.133),
II.48.15 • Giri-gahvar (p.133), 0 • Gopal (p.146), 0
• Gopalkacch (p.133), VI.10.55 • Goparastra (p.133),
VI.10.42 • Gosring (p.133), II.28.5 • Govasan (p.124),
II.47.5 • Govind (p.133), VI. 10.42 • Guh (p.133), 0
• Haihaya (p.146), XIII.31.7 • Haimavat (p.146), II.47.19
• Hamsakayan (p.145), II. 48.13 • Hamsamarg (p.127),
VI. 10.68 • Harahun (p.146), II. 29.11 • Harivars (p.145),
II. 25.7 • Hatak (p.146), II. 25.3 • Hun (p.120), VI
.10.64 • Jagud (p.134), III.48.21 • Jangal (p.134),
VI.l0.37 • Jartik (p.133), 0 • Jat (p.146), IX.44.54
• Jathar (p.133), VI.10.41 • Jyoh (p.129), II.48.3 •
Jyoh (p.134), II.48.3 • Kacch (p.130), VI. 10.55 • Kaisik
(p.132), 0 • Kaka (p.131), VI.10.63 • Kaksh (p.130),
VI. 10.47 • Kalad (p.131), 0 • Kalakut (p.131), II.23.14
• Kalamukh (p.131), II.28.45 • Kalatoyak (p.131), VI.X.
45 • Kaling (p.130), III.114.4 • Kalkal (p.131), VI.10.60
• Kamboj (p.122), VII.67.67 • Kanan (p.116), 0 •
Kank (p.131), II.47.26 • Kara Bhanjak (p.130), VI.10.68 •
Karahatak (p.130), 0 • Karanth (p.130), VI.10.61 • Karaskar
(p.131), II.46.21 • Karisak (p.130), VI.10.54 • Karkakhand
(p.130), 0 • Karkotak (p.130), II.9.9 • Karnapravarna
(p.122), VI.47.13 • Karnat (p.130), II.31.6 • Karnik
(p.131), VI.10.58 • Karpasik (p.131), II.47.7 • Karus
(p.116), VI.10.39 • Karvat (p.131), 0 • Kashi (p.116),
VI.10.38 • Kashmir (p.131), VI.10.52 • Kaukuttak (p.132),
VI.10.58 • Kausij (p.133), 0 • Kayavya (p.131), II.48.12
• Kekarak (p.133), II.28.45 • Kekaya (p.117), VII. 61.39
• Keral (p.117), VI.10.57 • Keval (p.132), 0 •
Khas (p.123), 0 • Kichak (p.131), I.144.2 • Kirat (p.123),
VI.20.13 • Kitav (p.122), II.47.10 • Kokanad (p.132),
II.24.17 • Kolla-giri (p.133), II.28.45 • Konkan (p.132),
VI.10.58 • Kopan (p.133), VI.10.59 • Koshal (p.123),
VI.83.9 • Krath (p.133), 0 • Krmi (p.132), 0 •
Krvi (p.133), 0 • Kshudrak (p.123), II.48.14 • Kukkut
(p.132), 0 • Kukur (p.123), VI.47.7 • Kulak (p.132),
VI.10.61 • Kulat (p.132), 0 • Kulut (p.123), VI.10.52
• Kumar (p.132), II.27.1 • Kunat (p.132), VI. 10.50
• Kundaman (p.132), II.48.13 • Kundivis (p.117), VI.46.49
• Kunind (p.116), II.23.13 • Kuntal (p.123), II.31.11
• Kunti (p.117), VI. 10.41 • Kurak (p.132), VI.10.61
• Kuronth (p.132), VI.10.61 •Kuru (p.132), 0 •
Kusal (p.132), VI.10.50 • Kusavindu (p.132), VI.10.54 •
Kuttaparant (p.132), 0 • Ladak (p.120), 0 • Lalataksh
(p.140), II.47.15 • Lalitth (p.126), VIII.4.46 • Lampak
(p.140), 0 • Langal (p.140), VI.l0.55 • Lat (p.140),
0 • Loh (p.141), II.24.24 • Lohajangh (p.141), II.46.21
• Lohit (p.141), II 24.16 • Madak (p.119), VI.46.49
• Madavirak (p.137), II.27.9 • Madhumant (p.138), VI.
1 0.51 • Madhyamikey (p.138), II. 48.13 • Madra (p.137),
II.29.13 • Magadh (p.119), VIII. 17.2 • Mahechchh (p.138),
II.29.6 • Mahishak (p.139), VI.10.57 • Mahishakarshik
(p.138), VI.10.45 • Mahishmati (p.125), II.28.11 • Malad
(p.138), VI.10.48 • Malak (p.138), VI.10.61 • Malav
(p.125), VI.83.6 • Malavanak (p.138), VI.10.58 • Malla
(p.138), VI.10.45 • Manavarjak (p.138), VI. 10.48 •
Mandak (p.138), VI.10.42 • Maradh (p.138), VI.10.65 •
Marudh (p.120), 0 • Matsya (p.119), II.13.27 • Mauleya
(p.139), II. 48.14 • Mavellak (p.139), VIII.4.47 • Mekal
(p.126), VI.10.39 • Moda-giri (p.139), II. 27.19 • Modan
(p.139), 0 • Modapur (p.139), II. 24.10 • Mok (p.139),
VI. 10.38 • Mudgal (p.139), 0 • Mund (p.126), III.48.21
• Murachipattan (p.138), II.28.45 • Mushak (p.139),
VI.10.57 • Naimish (p.135), VIII.30.60 • Nairrt (p.135),
VI.10.50 • Nalakalak (p.135), VI.10.50 • Nandiveg (p.135),
V.72.17 • Narayan (p.124), VII.66.38 • Narayan (p.146),
0 • Navarastr (p.135), II.28.6 • Nip (p.135), II.46.21
• Nishad (p.118), VI. 10.50 • Odra (p.129), II.28.48
• Pahlav (p.125), VI.20.13 • Pamsu Rashtra (p.118),
II.48.26 • Panchakarpat (p.135), II.29.6 • Panchal (p.118),
VI.10.40 • Panchanad (p.124), II.29.10 • Pandya (p.119),
VI.46.50 • Panibhadrak (p.125), VI.47.9 • Panitak (p.136),
VI. 10.42 • Para Samcarak (p.143), VI. 10.60 • Parad
(p.125), VI.83.7 • Parahut (p.137), VI.10.45 • Parantangan
(p.136), VI.9.63 • Parasik (p.136), VI.10.51 • Paratak
(p.125), 0 • Paratangan (p.117), VI.46.49 • Paravrsheya
(p.136), VI. 10.49 • Parosth (p.137), VI.10.60 • Pasu
(p.136), II.48.3 • Patachchar (p.118), VI.46.47 • Pattan
(p.136), 0 • Pattibhanjak (p.136), VI.10.62 • Paurak
(p.136), II.48.13 • Paurav (p.119), VI.46.47 • Pichchhand
(p.136), II.28.47 • Pishach (p.119), VI.83.8 • Prabhadrak
(p.136), VI.52.14 • Prachya (p.136), VI.10.57 • Pradar
(p.136), 0 • Prakustak (p.136), VI.10.51 • Pramud (p.136),
0 • Prasthal (p.125), VI.83.10 • Pratimatsya (p.136),
VI.6.50 • Prayag (p.119), VI.46.46 • Pulind (p.125),
VI.83.7 • Pundra (p.119), VI.46.49 • Rajanya (p.140),
II. 48.13 • Rajik (p.140), 0 • Ramak (p.140), 0 •
Ramath (p.140), II. 29.11 • Rasyakagan (p.140), 0 •
Rathorag (p.140), VI.10.53 • Rohitak (p.140), II. 29.4 •
Rom (p.140), 0 • Romak (p.140), VI. 10.54 • Rshik (p.140),
II. 24.24 • Sahyottar (p.144), 0 • Saindhav (p.145),
III.48.21 • Sairindhra (p.144), VI. 10.56 • Sakal (p.142),
II. 23.15 • Sakshaddruh (p.143), VI. 10.64 • Samang
(p.144), 0 • Samsthan (p.127), 0 • Sanjayanti (p.143),
0 • Sarmak (p.143), 0 • Sarvasenaya (p.144), VI. 10
59 • Satiya (p.144), VI. 10.62 • Satrirajya (p.145),
III. 48.21 • Satvat (p.144), 0 • Saubalya (p.145), VI.
10.38 • Saubdhid (p.145), VI. 10.58 • Saudh (p.145),
VI. 10.40 • Saundik (p.143), II.48.15 • Sauvir (p.127),
V.72.14 • Savar (p.120), VI. 46.51 • Savitriputrak (p.144),
VIII.4.47 • Sek (p.145), 0 • Shak (p.142), VI.20.13
• Shalv (p.126), VI. 18.13 • Shanavatya (p.143), II.48.15
• Shand (p.143), VI. 10.42 • Shauval (p.145), VI. 10.52
• Shirisak (p.143), II. 29.6 • Shivi (p.143), II. 29.6
• Shukar (p.143), II. 48.24 • Siddh (p.144), VI. 10.55
• Simhal (p.127), 0 • Simhapur (p.144), II. 24.19 •
Sindhu (p.127), VIII.4.11 • Siral (p.144), VI. 10.62 •
Somak (p.145), I. 185.1 • Sopadesh (p.145), II. 27.9 •
Srnjaya (p.145), 0 • Stanap (p.145), VI. 10.62 • Sudaman
(p.144), VI.10.53 • Sudesna (p.144), VI.10.45 • Sudra
(p.143), VI. 10.46 • Suhma (p.145), II 24.20 • Sukatya
(p.144), VI. 10.38 • Sumallika (p.144), VI. 10.53 •
Sundak (p.143), 0 • Sundaraveg (p.144), V.72.15 • Suparsv
(p.144), II.27.7 • Sur (p.127), 0 • Surasen (p.127),
VI.47.7 • Surastra (p.127), VI. 10.47 • Surparak (p.143),
II.28.43 • Susthar (p.145), II.13.25 • Talajangh (p.134),
V.72.13 • Talakat (p.134), 0 • Talavan (p.134), II.28.48
• Tamar (p.134), VI. 10.68 • Tamradvip (p.134), 0 •
Tamralipt (p.117), II.48.17 • Tangan (p.117), VI.46.49 •
Taratoya (p.134), VI.l0.51 • Tarkshya (p.134), II.48.14 •
Tilak (p.134), VI.l0.51 • Timingil (p.134), II.28.46 •
Tiragrah (p.134), VI.l0.51 • Tittir (p.117), VI.46.50 •
Trigart (p.124), VI.47.7 • Tripura (p.134), 0 • Tryang
(p.134), VI.l0.60 • Tryash (p.134), II.47.15 • Tumbup
(p.118), VI.46.51 • Tundiker (p.124), VIII.4.47 • Tushar
(p.124), VI.10.66 • Udra (p.129), II.28.48 • Uluk (p.129),
V.157.3 • Unntyak (p.129), VI.10.57 • Upavrt (p.129),
0 • Urag (p.129), II.24.18 • Usinar (p.129), XII.29.35
• Ustrakarnik (p.129), II.28.48 • Utkal (p.129), VI.10.39
• Utsavasanket (p.129), II.29.8 • Uttam (p.129), VI.10.39
• Uttarajyoti (p.134), II.29.10 • Uttarakurav (p.129),
II.48.6 • Vadhra (p.141), VI. 10.54 • Vahik (p.141),
VI.9.45 • Vairam (p.142), II.47.10 • Vaiyamak (p.142),
II. 48.12 • Vakra (p.141), VI. 10.43 • Vanarasya (p.141),
VI. 10.43 • Vanavasin (p.141), VI. 10.57 • Vanayu (p.126),
VI.10.54 • Vang (p.126), VIII. 17.2 • Varmak (p.141),
II.27.12 • Vasatis (p.126), VI. 18.12 • Vastrap (p.141),
II.48.14 • Vatadhan (p.126), VI.52.4 • Vatajam (p.141),
VI.10.53 • Vats (p.120), VI.10.39 • Venik (p.126), VI.
47.7 • Vidarbh (p.141), VI. 47.13 • Videh (p.142), VI.112.108
• Vijay (p.141), VI. 1 0.44 • Vikalp (p.141), VI. 10.57
• Vikarn (p.126), VI. 47.15 • Vikunj (p.126), VI. 52.9
• Vindhyap (p.142), VI. 10.60 • Virak (p.142), VIII.30.45
• Vrik (p.142), V. 31.19 • Vrishnis (p.120), VI.20.14
• Vrndatak (p.142), II. 29.10 • Yakrlloman (p.139),
VI. 10.44 • Yaudheya (p.140), II.48.13 • Yavan (p.139),
I. 80.26 • Yugandhar (p.140), VII.15.30.
List
of Other Jat clans added by Laxman Burdak :
The 18 tribes which fled due to attacks from Jarasandh Mahabharat
have been mentioned in Book 2, Chapter 14. Jarasandh was a powerful
Ancient Indian king who ruled Magadh. The eighteen tribes of the
Bhojs, from fear of Jarasandh, have all fled towards the west; so
also have the Surasens, the Bhadraks, the Vodhs, the Shalwas, the
Patachcharas, the Susthals, the Mukutts, and the Kulindas, along
with the Kuntis. And the king of the Salwayan tribe with their brethren
and followers; and the southern Panchals and the eastern Kosals
have all fled to the country of the Kunti Kingdom. So also the Matsyas
and the Sannyastapads, overcome with fear, leaving their dominions
in the north, have fled into the southern country. And so all the
Panchals, alarmed at the power of Jarasandh, have left their own
kingdom and fled in all directions.
Sabha
Parv - Book II :
Dhiman - Jat Gotra : Sabha Parva Mahabharat (II.28.50) (IX.44.5)
China - Sabha Parva Mahabharat (II.47.19), Bhisma Parv Mahabharat
(VI .10.65) (II.47.19) (VI .10.65)
The Mahabharat Tribe - China may be identified with Jat Gotra -
China.
Odra - The Mahabharat Tribe - Udra (Odra) belongs to Modern Orissa,
also known as Utkala and Kalinga. (II.28.48), (II.47.19)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Odra may be identified with Jat Gotra - Odhran.
Kichak - Sabha Parva (II.48.2)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kichaka may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Khichad
Venu - Sabha Parv (II.48.2)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Venu may be identified with Jat Gotra - Beniwal
Dar - (II.48.4)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Dar may be identified with Jat Gotra - Dar
Miya - (II.48.4)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Miya may be identified with Jat Gotra - Miya
Lal - Sabha Parva (II.48.5)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Lal may be identified with Jat Gotra - Lal
Bharan - Sabha Parva (II.48.9)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Bharan may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Bharani gotra Jats who live in Chhoti Sadri tahsil in Chittorgarh
district in Rajasthan.
Kaliyak - Sabha Parv (II.48.9)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kaliyak may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Kaliyani.
Suvalaya - Sabha Parv (II.48.18)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Suvalaya may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Suval.
Shailbhan - Sabha Parv (II.48.19)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Shailbhan may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Shail.
Basavanug - Sabha Parv (II.48.22)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Basavanug may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Baswan
Amra - Sabha Parva (II.48.23)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Basavanug may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Ameria
Kunjar - Sabha Parva (II.48.25)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kunjar may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Kunjar.
Kanchana - Sabha Parv (II.48.26)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kanchan may be identified with Jat Gotra
- kanchap
Sinhal - Sabha Parv (II.48.30)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Sinhal may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Singhal
Virat Parv - Book IV
Pattachchar - Virat Parv (IV.1.9)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Pattachchar may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Pachar
Kalakhanjas - Virat Parv (IV.12.13)
tatra malla samapetur digbhyo rajan sahasras
mahakaya mahavirya kalakhañja ivasura
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kalakhanjas may be identified with Jat Gotra
- Kalkhund
Kichak - Virat Parv (IV.20.29), (IV.20.30)
The Mahabharat Tribe - Kichak may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Khichar
Jatasur - Virat Parv (IV.20.30)
Bhisma Parv - Book VI
Kadak was A northern tribe in Yudhisthir's army in Mahabharat (VI.46.49).
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Kadak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kadawa
Sauval
(VI.10.3)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Sauval may be identified with Jat Gotra - Suval.
Loman
- (VI.10.44)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Loman may be identified with Jat Gotra - Lomror
Vanar - Mentioned in Geography of Mahabharat (VI.10.44)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Vanar may be identified with Jat Gotra - Vanar
Khandik - Mentioned in Geography of Mahabharat (VI.10.46)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Khandik / Khandav may be identified with Jat
Gotra - Khanda or Khandia who live in Nimach district in Madhya
Pradesh.
Mahyuttar - Mentioned in Geography of Mahabharat (VI.10.49)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mahyuttar may be identified with Jat Gotra -
Mahiya.
Pundra - Mentioned in Geography of Mahabharat (VI.10.56)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Pundra may be identified with Jat Gotra - Pundir
Mahishak - Mentioned in Geography of Mahabharat (VI.10.57)
Also
mentioned in Shalya parv, Mahabharat (IX.44.77)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Mahishak may be identified with Jat Gotra - Bains.
Malik - Mentioned in Geography of Mahabharat (VI.10.65)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Malik may be identified with Jat Gotra - Malik
Darad - Mentioned in Geography of Mahabharat (VI.10.66)
Also
mentioned in sabha Parv Mahabharat - (II.48.12)
The
Mahabharat Tribe - Darad may be identified with Jat Gotra - Darad
Shalya Parv - Book IX
Jat - Brought tributes to Yudhisthir, Shalya Parv (IX.44.54). (I.144.3)
(IX.44.90) (IX.44.56) (IX.45.22)
Ekaksh - Brought tributes to Yudhisthir, Shalya Parva (IX.44.54).
Akshasantarjan - (IX.44.53)
Kundik - (IX.44.53)
Airawat - Shalya Parv (IX.44.13)
Dhat - Shalya Parv (IX.44.4)
Jawalan - Shalya Parv (IX.44.48)
Kusum - Shalya Parv (IX.44.35)
Ghasa - Shalya Parv (IX.44.41)
Kanchan - Shalya Parv (IX.44.43)
Kapiskandh - (IX.44.53)
Kumud - Shalya Parv (IX.44.52)
Nag - Shaly Parv (IX.44.48)
Pannag - Shalya Parv (IX.44.48)
Rajan - (IX.44.53)
Shankukarna - Shalya Parv (IX.44.47)
Siniwali - Shalya Parv (IX.44.12)
Shringawan - Shalya Parv (IX.44.13)
Kumudamalin - Shalya Parv (IX.44.22)
Punyanam - Shalya Parv (IX.44.55)
Kok - Shalya Parv (IX.44.55)
Nad - Shalya Parv (IX.44.55)
Mallyanulepan - Shalya Parv (IX.44.55)
Ajodar - Shalya Parv (IX.44.56)
Jawala - Shalya Parv (IX.44.56)
Karal - Shalya Parv (IX.44.56)
Jat - Shalya Parv (IX.44.56)
Hari - Shalya Parv (IX.44.56)
Udaraksh - Shalya Parv (IX.44.58)
Shailkampi - Shalya Parv (IX.44.58)
Nandu - Shalya Parv (IX.44.59)
Dhumra - Shalya Parv (IX.44.59)
Sweta - Shalya Parv (IX.44.59)
Vardak - Shalya Parv (IX.44.59)
Nandal - Shalya Parv (IX.44.60)
Gonand - Shalya Parv (IX.44.60)
Kanakapida - Shalya Parv (IX.44.61)
Gaina - Shalya Parv (IX.44.62). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Gaina.
Bana - Shalya Parv (IX.44.62). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Bana.
Hans - Shalya Parv (IX.44.63). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Hans.
Ranotkat - Shalya Parv (IX.44.63). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Rana.
Nandak - Shalya Parv (IX.44.63). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Nandal.
Karad - Shalya Parv (IX.44.65). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Karad.
Madhur - Shalya Parv (IX.44.66). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Madhur.
Madhu - Shalya Parv (IX.44.67). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Madhu
Maan - Shalya Parv (IX.44.67).
Takhar - Shalya Parv (IX.44.67).
Pandur - Shalya Parv (IX.44.68). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Pandur.
Dandabahu - Shalya Parv (IX.44.68). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Dand.
Achal - Shalya Parv (IX.44.69). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Achal.
Kankaksh - Shalya Parv (IX.44.69). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Kang.
Balanam - Shalya Parv (IX.44.69), (IX.44.72). May be identified
with Jat Gotra - Bal.
Loh - Shalya Parv (IX.44.70). May be identified with Jat Gotra -
Lohan.
Kundak - Shalya Parv (IX.44.70), (IX.44.71). May be identified with
Jat Gotra - Kundu.
Varah - Shalya Parv (IX.44.74). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Varah.
(IX.45.93)
Lambakarn
- Shalya Parv (IX.44.74). May be identified with Jat Gotra - Lamba
(IX.44.99)
Anjana - Shalya Parv (IX.44.100). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Anjana
(Vrika+Udar) (IX.44.100)
Kharanan - Shalya Parv (IX.44.103). May be identified with Jat Gotra
- Kharand or Kharra
Tomarapanaya - Shalya Parv (IX.44.105). May be identified with Jat
Gotra - Tomar
Source :
https://www.jatland.com/
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